Journal of BIMP-EAGA Regional Development

Enhancing Rice Supply Chain Management in the Philippines: A Strategic approach for Sustainable Food Security

2024-12-29T03:19:01+08:00

Rice plays a multifaceted role in the lives of Filipinos, encompassing nutritional, economic, cultural, and
social dimensions. The Philippines has a lot of obstacles to overcome in order to maintain food security
and sustainability in the rice industry. There are notable post-harvest losses within the rice supply
chain as seen by the 60% to 65% conversion rate of paddy rice to milled rice. Post-harvest losses
occur between harvest and the moment of human consumption. They include on-farm losses, such as
when grain is threshed, winnowed, and dried, as well as losses along the chain during transportation,
storage, and processing. Postharvest procedures lose or squander about one-third of the rice produced.
Storage losses of rice are playing a vital role in postharvest losses. A safe storage system of Food grain
plays a vital role for ensuring food security especially for the people who are fully dependent on
cultivation. Reducing postharvest losses in rice could be a sustainable way to boost food supply, ease
the strain on natural resources, end hunger, and enhance farmers' livelihoods—especially in developing
nations. Its importance extends beyond mere sustenance, shaping dietary habits, livelihoods, and
social interactions across the country. Given its status as a staple food, ensuring a stable and sufficient
supply of rice is critical for food security in the Philippines. Rice grains are produced seasonally, but
their consumption is constant throughout the year. Hence storage of rice becomes necessary. Any
disruptions in rice production or distribution can have significant impacts on the population's well-being.
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Training Manual mentioned that the conversion rate in the
Philippines from Paddy (Palay) to milled rice is only sixty percent (60%). Post-harvest losses can occur
at various stages along the rice supply chain, leading to reduced efficiency and economic losses.
Inadequate post-harvest handling and storage facilities can result in significant losses of rice due to
spoilage, pests, and mold. Poor infrastructure and lack of access to modern storage technologies
contribute to this problem. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach that
involves collaboration among stakeholders, investment in infrastructure and technology, adoption of
sustainable eco-friendly best practices in post-harvest management, implementation of quality control
measures, and promotion of transparency and information sharing across the supply chain. Additionally,
strategies to build resilience to environmental and climate risks are essential for ensuring the long-term
sustainability of the rice supply chain. Some level of wastage and spoilage is inevitable in any supply
chain. Factors such as improper handling, contamination, and deterioration over time can contribute to
losses, especially if not properly managed and mitigated. Achieving food security and sustainability of
rice in the Philippines requires a multi-faceted approach that addresses various challenges across the
rice supply chain. Upgrade post-harvest infrastructure, including storage facilities, drying facilities, and
processing mills, to reduce losses and maintain grain quality. Provide training and support to farmers
on proper post-harvest handling techniques to minimize spoilage and wastage. Encourage the adoption of sustainable farming practices, such as integrated pest management, water-efficient irrigation
techniques, and soil conservation measures, to protect natural resources and minimize environmental
impact. Support agroecological approaches that promote biodiversity, reduce chemical inputs, and
enhance resilience to climate change. Promote the establishment of farmers' cooperatives and
collective marketing initiatives.

The Relationship Between Career Advancement On Job Performance Among Women In Sabah

2024-12-29T03:53:01+08:00

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between career advancement and job performance among women, as
well as to examine the relationship of mediating education on both dependent and independent variables. The review of
literature indicates that the efforts of women involved in employment have continued to face challenges in career
advancement (work-life balance, family responsibilities, and fear of success) and job performance. These barriers can be
complex, including limitations on the effect of an education. A quantitative research design is conducted throughout a
questionnaire which is formulated from the primary data collection. A total of 40 female employees filled a questionnaire
given in Sabah. Meanwhile, the analysis method used was Smart-PLS version 4 structural equation modeling technique,
which is the regression and descriptive methods. The findings of this research believes women due have barriers on career
advancement which has affected their job performance, while education proven causes employee career advancement and they
believe it has achieved the standard of job performance within the organization. Therefore, this study contributes an important
insight into the challenges faced by women in Sabah, expanding the importance of education, and unlocking the potential of
women-led employment.

Exploring the impact of coaching on employee performance and organization effectiveness: A conceptual study

2024-12-29T03:19:05+08:00

In an era marked by rapid technological advancements, shifting demographics, and evolving citizen expectations,
government agencies must adapt, innovate, and deliver services efficiently and effectively. In this context, coaching emerges
as a powerful tool to empower government. Thus, this conceptual study explores the critical concepts of coaching and
synthesizes findings related to coaching's impact on individual employees and organizational performance. A systematic
search in bibliographic databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted to
identify relevant studies. Systematic review on full-text articles from 2000 to 2023 using keywords, such as coaching,
coaching program, employee performance, and organizational performance. Many studies reveal that coaching positively
impacts employees in several ways. Coaching provides many benefits, including improving employee engagement, skills,
performance, confidence, and self-efficacy. It also accelerates learning, develops leadership abilities, enhances problemsolving,
and fosters innovation. Additionally, coaching supports talent retention and development while fostering a positive
organizational culture. In the civil service, coaching aids in skill development, career advancement, addressing weaknesses,
adapting to change, and managing stress, resulting in overall performance improvement. This study provides valuable insights
and contributions to advancing both academic understanding and practical application in this critical area of organizational
development and human resource management.

Empowering and Sustaining Government Tax Revenue through Tax Information on Social Media in Malaysia

2024-12-29T02:54:18+08:00

Sustainable government tax revenue plays a significant role in many developing countries, especially in the current economic
situation. In today’s digital age, people increasingly turn to social networks for information and assistance, leading to essential
considerations about how these platforms may influence behaviour. This study aims to create a conceptual framework for the
effect of tax information on social media towards tax revenue in Malaysia. Three constructs of tax information via social
media were considered: Tax Information Availability (TIA), Tax Informational Quality (TIQ) and Tax Informational
Influence (TII). The proposed framework may aid future research by offering a systematic means of evaluating tax
information on social media as a determinant of influencing tax revenue. The framework may also provide measures to sustain
government revenue and determine how tax authorities can design targeted social media outreach programs to better
comprehend taxpayer compliance behaviour. This study offers an appropriate mechanism of social media variables as a factor
of tax revenue for further analysis and discussion.

DESIGN AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF 3D-PRINTED ARTIFICIAL CORAL REEFS

2025-01-01T12:02:01+08:00

This study addresses the need to understand the hydrodynamic behavior of artificial coral reefs, inspired by natural coral formations such as brain, cauliflower, lace, dome, digitate, and organ pipe corals, which are found in our oceans. The selected natural coral reef designs underwent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to replicate their behavior. These designs were then recreated through a 3D printing process to develop artificial coral reefs. Simulation analyses were conducted to assess water flow coverage and velocity. The analysis revealed that the brain and cauliflower coral design exhibited limited water flow coverage. In contrast, the digitate and organ pipe coral design demonstrated more favorable simulation outcomes, showing efficiency in mimicking the natural fluid dynamics of coral reefs. This was evidenced by the lowest velocity and more extensive water flow coverage in the digitate design. The results contribute to a better understanding of artificial coral reef design, highlighting the digitate and organ pipe coral's potential for more efficient integration into marine ecosystems. This study underscores the ecological relevance and practical benefits of using specific coral designs to enhance artificial reef performance.

The Relationship Between Anxiety, Identity and The Environment Towards the Willingness to Communicate in English For Non- Native Speakers.

2024-12-29T03:52:51+08:00

The study aims to: (1) identify communication challenges among university students in English, (2) assess the frequency of
English language usage among students, and (3) determine motivating factors for English language communication among
university students. This study employed a quantitative approach utilizing SPSS for data analysis. Statistical techniques such
as summary statistics, frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, reliability analysis (Cronbach's Alpha), transformation of
variables, and correlation were utilized. Convenience sampling, a non-probability sampling method, was chosen due to time
and resource constraints, involving the collection of data from accessible members of the population. Questionnaires were
utilized as the primary data collection instrument, comprising four sections of close-ended questions. A total of 23
questionnaires were distributed to 31 respondents. The data collected were then analyzed using SPSS to explore relationships
and patterns within the dataset. Section 1 was constructed to identify the student's demographic information, which is related
to their gender, age, race, previous school, and mode of study. Section A was constructed to identify the willingness of nonnative
speakers to speak English. Section B was constructed to identify attributes that cause anxiety among non-native
speakers. The scale of the items used in this section is Strongly Agree (1), Agree (2), Neutral (3), Disagree (4), Strongly
Disagree (5). Section C was constructed to identify what are the effects of environment among the non-native speakers
towards their willingness to speak English. The scale of the items used in this section is Strongly Disagree (1), Disagree (2),
Neutral (3), Agree (4), Strongly Agree (5). Meanwhile, Section D was constructed to identify what are the effects of
environment among the non-native speakers towards their willingness to speak English. The scale of the items used in this
section is Strongly Agree (1), Agree (2), Neutral (3), Disagree (4), Strongly Disagree (5). Descriptive analysis was used to
identify, describe and explore the relationship between anxiety, identity and the environment towards the willingness to
communicate in English for non-native speakers among the students. The analysis of the relationship between anxiety and
willingness to speak English reveals a Pearson Correlation value of -.320. With this value being less than -1, the research
confirms the hypothesis. Consequently, it is concluded that there exists a negative relationship between anxiety and
willingness to speak English. This implies that as anxiety decreases, the willingness to speak English increases [r=-.320].
Similarly, when exploring the relationship between identity and willingness to speak English, a Pearson Correlation value of -
.046 was obtained. Despite being less than -1, the hypothesis was accepted. As a result, it is concluded that there is a negative
correlation between identity and willingness to speak English. This indicates that as identity decreases, the willingness to
speak English increases [r=-.046]. Furthermore, the investigation into the relationship between willingness to speak English
and the environment revealed a Pearson Correlation of 0.38. Since this value is less than 1, the hypothesis is confirmed. Thus,
it is concluded that there exists a positive correlation between the environment and willingness to speak English. This suggests
that as the environment becomes more conducive, the willingness to speak English increases [r=0.38]. This study reveals that
anxiety significantly impacts students' willingness to speak English, often leading to decreased confidence and nervousness
during communication. To support anxious individuals, fostering friendships and providing a supportive environment can mitigate communication fears. Additionally, identity plays a crucial role; their environment and cultural ties influence
students' willingness to speak English. Lastly, the proficiency level of students in English is influenced by educational systems
and teaching methods, suggesting a need for improvement in English language education to enhance students' language
proficiency from an early age.

Research on Internal Communication and Cooperative Learning Communities in Chinese Universities from the Perspective of Positive Organizational Behavior

2024-12-29T03:18:54+08:00

This study aims to explore the relationship between internal communication and cooperative learning communities in Chinese
universities from the perspective of Positive Organizational Behavior (POB). In the context of China's society undergoing
significant transformations, the demand for personal growth and societal transition from educational institutions has become
increasingly crucial. Cooperative learning communities (CLC), as a collaborative learning approach adopted by the entire
faculty and students based on predetermined organizational principles, are considered an effective mechanism for advancing
educational quality and fostering comprehensive student development.
Employing various methods, including surveys and teacher interviews, this research investigates the mutual influence and
correlation between internal communication and cooperative learning communities in Chinese universities. Guided by the
theory of POB, we examine the significance of internal communication and cooperative learning communities in shaping and
developing the educational ecosystem of higher education institutions. Previous research findings demonstrate that internal
communication from the perspective of POB plays a pivotal role in fostering the formation and stability of cooperative
learning communities. Effective internal communication channels facilitate improved collaboration and knowledge-sharing
among students, thereby enhancing their learning outcomes. Moreover, the active participation and support of teachers have
positive effects on the establishment and maintenance of learning communities. Teachers promote positive interactions among
students within the communities through encouraging collective learning and providing personalized guidance. Furthermore,
the existence and development of CLC also yield positive impacts on POB. These communities create a positive learning
environment for students, enhancing their learning motivation and self-efficacy. The application of POB theory plays a critical
role in the construction of CLC within higher education institutions.
In conclusion, this study delves into the relationship between internal communication and cooperative learning communities
in Chinese universities from the perspective of POB. It explores the formation and operational mechanisms of CLC,
contributing valuable theoretical and practical insights for optimizing educational management, nurturing comprehensive
student development, and advancing the overall development of higher education institutions.

Research on digital Transformation Strategy of China’s Retail Industry based on new retail mode

2024-12-29T03:52:56+08:00

Following decades of rapid expansion, China's retail industry has emerged as a prominent player in global commerce.
However, the competition within the retail sector is intensifying. Chinese retail enterprises are now restructuring their business
processes with digitalization as the central driving force, upgrading the production, distribution and sales of goods, and deeply
integrating online services, offline experiences and modern logistics to establish a new retail model. This paper focuses on
analyzing the challenges present in the digital transformation of retail enterprises based on the new retail model and current
status of digital transformation in Chinese retail enterprises. It also proposes a strategic model for the digital transformation of
these enterprises. Ultimately, this strategy involves establishing a consumer-centric data analysis system, reengineering
business processes based on data flow and reorganizing organizational structures while building an intelligent collaborative
digital open platform for internal and external resources to achieve successful digital transformation.