Jurnal Gendang Alam (GA)

SOUNDING THE UNHEARD: REVIVING MALAYSIA’S NATURAL-CULTURAL SOUNDSCAPE THROUGH LIVE ELECTROACOUSTIC NARRATIVES

2025-12-25T12:33:43+08:00

This article introduces Nada Sfera, a live electroacoustic composition method that integrates Malaysia’s ecological environments with its cultural and mythological narratives. In this study, environment refers to the sonic properties of ecological habitats—such as caves, mangroves, and coral reefs—while ecological memory denotes how these sounds encode temporal, cultural, and ecological knowledge. By embedding these environments within Malay folklore and Orang Asli oral traditions, Nada Sfera positions sound as both ecological record and cultural text. Custom-built binaural streaming devices capture site-specific soundscapes, which are manipulated in real time through Pure Data and Ableton Live. Distinct habitats contribute structurally differentiated materials: caves with resonant overtone layering, mangroves with polyrhythmic cycles, and coral reefs with granular inharmonic textures. These sonic identities are reframed through performative cultural memory, where live performance re-enacts ecological and cultural continuity, and through cultural re-imaging, where traditional narratives are reshaped via contemporary sonic practice. Rather than equating ecological storytelling with Chion’s reduced listening, this project emphasizes re-embedding sound into its cultural and ecological context. Ultimately, Nada Sfera demonstrates how live electroacoustic performance—still rare in Malaysia—can function as eco-cultural storytelling, a revival of sonic heritage, and a bridge between environmental awareness and cultural identity.

Keywords: Soundscape, Acoustic Ecology, Electroacoustic, Music Composition, Internet of Things

STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI KERIS MASYARAKAT BUGIS DI SABAH

2025-12-25T12:52:07+08:00

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini meneliti struktur dan fungsi keris dalam kehidupan masyarakat Bugis di Tawau, Sabah melalui pendekatan kualitatif yang merangkumi pemerhatian lapangan, temu bual mendalam dan analisis dokumen. Pendekatan ini digunakan bagi memahami makna, peranan serta kedudukan keris dalam konteks budaya masyarakat Bugis. Tumpuan diberikan kepada elemen fizikal keris seperti hulu, bilah, sarung dan pamor yang memperlihatkan keunikan reka bentuk serta lapisan simbolik yang berkait rapat dengan sistem kepercayaan dan konstruksi identiti Bugis. Dapatan kajian memperlihatkan bahawa setiap komponen keris mempunyai fungsi tersendiri yang menzahirkan nilai kekuatan, kehormatan, status sosial dan warisan keturunan. Selain berperanan sebagai alat pertahanan diri, keris turut berfungsi sebagai lambang jati diri, manifestasi kebanggaan serta medium penyatuan nilai tradisional dalam komuniti. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini membuktikan bahawa keris Bugis bukan sahaja berfungsi sebagai senjata, tetapi juga sebagai simbol kesinambungan adat dan identiti budaya masyarakat Bugis di Sabah.

Kata Kunci : Keris, struktur, fungsi, masyarakat Bugis, warisan budaya

ABSTRACT

This study examines the structure and function of the keris within the Bugis community in Tawau, Sabah. A qualitative research design was employed, incorporating field observations, in-depth interviews and document analysis to explore the meanings and cultural roles of the keris. The study focuses on its physical components including the hilt, blade, sheath and pamor which exhibit distinctive craftsmanship and symbolic meanings closely tied to Bugis beliefs and identity. The findings indicate that each component derives a specific function that represents strength, honor, social status and ancestral heritage. Beyond its utilitarian role as weapon, the keris also embody self-identity, collective pride and the unifying traditional values of the community. Overall, the study demonstrates that the Bugis keris serves not only as an instrument of defence but also as a symbol of cultural continuity and identity among the Bugis community in Sabah.

Keywords: Keris, structure, function, Bugis community, cultural heritage

ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN DIALEK DALAM KALANGAN MASYARAKAT CINA DI DUNGUN, TERENGGANU

2025-12-25T13:20:27+08:00

ABSTRAK

Keunikan Malaysia yang dihuni oleh pelbagai bangsa, budaya dan agama telah mewarnai kehidupan masyarakat, sekali gus menjadikan kepelbagaian tersebut sebagai asas perpaduan.Kewujudan pelbagai bahasa dan dialek ini mencerminkan kekayaan budaya dan sejarah manusia yang sangat kompleks. Bahasa bukan sahaja alat komunikasi tetapi juga identiti dan warisan sesuatu masyarakat. Terengganu merupakan sebuah negeri di Pantai Timur Malaysia, dan majoriti penduduk Melayunya menggunakan dialek Terengganu dalam komunikasi harian. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat segelintir masyarakat Cina yang turut menggunakan dialek tersebut dalam perbualan seharian. Justeru, objektif kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis penggunaan dialek dalam kalangan masyarakat Cina di daerah Dungun, Terengganu.Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan tumpuan kepada kajian kepustakaan dan lapangan dengan mengaplikasikan Teori Domain Fishman (1972). Kaedah pengedaran borang soal selidik secara dalam talian melalui Google Form dan temu bual bersama responden. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pemahaman perkataan dialek Terengganu dalam kalangan masyarakat Cina berada pada tahap yang memuaskan dan masyarakat Cina memahami makna bahasa Melayu dalam dialek Terengganu walaupun mempunyai perbezaan yang ketara. Kajian ini juga mendapati faktor pekerjaan mendorong masyarakat Cina menggunakan dialek Terengganu. Kajian ini menjelaskan bahawa tahap pemahaman masyarakat Cina terhadap dialek Terengganu berperanan sebagai penghubung komunikasi yang mengukuhkan hubungan antara komuniti agar terus erat dan harmoni. Dialek Terengganu bukan sahaja berfungsi sebagai medium pertuturan, malah turut mencerminkan identiti serta budaya setempat yang unik.

Kata Kunci: Wacana, Perbualan, Masyarakat Cina, Dungun, Dialek

ABSTRACT

Malaysia is known for its uniqueness, characterized by its diverse races, cultures, and religions, which have enriched the lives of its communities and formed the foundation of unity in the country. The variety of languages and dialects present in Malaysia reflects the complexity and richness of its cultural and historical heritage. Language serves not only as a means of communication but also as an identity marker and a vital component of a community's heritage. Terengganu, located on the East Coast of Malaysia, is predominantly inhabited by a Malay population that primarily communicates using the Terengganu dialect. Interestingly, some members of the Chinese community also employ this dialect in their daily conversations. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the use of dialects among the Chinese community in the Dungun district of Terengganu. This research adopts a qualitative approach, grounded in literature and field research, utilizing Fishman's Domain Theory (1972).Data was collected through online questionnaires via Google Forms and interviews with respondents. The findings indicate that the understanding of the Terengganu dialect among the Chinese community is at a satisfactory level. They demonstrate a good grasp of the meanings of words in this dialect, despite significant differences from their native language. Additionally, employment opportunities were found to be a motivating factor for the Chinese community to use the Terengganu dialect.This study highlights that the level of understanding of the Terengganu dialect among the Chinese community serves as an important communication link that fosters close and harmonious relationships between different communities. The Terengganu dialect not only functions as a means of speech but also embodies the unique local identity and culture of the region.

Keywords: Discourse; Conversation; Chinese Community; Dungun; Dialect

INTERPRETASI SIMBOL DALAM PUISI PENGAP GAWAI PANGKUNG TIANG PEMANGKIN PENGUKUHAN NILAI-NILAI BUDAYA

2025-12-25T13:27:51+08:00

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai interpretasi simbol dalam puisi pengap gawai pangkung tiang perspektif amalan dan kepercayaan masyarakat Iban. Puisi pengap dilafazkan oleh pemuisi (lemambang) semasa upacara mengap. Puisi ini kaya dengan imaginasi, simbol, tanda dan penanda menghimpunkan budaya, adat dan nilai yang perlu dihayati serta difahami. Masyarakat Iban kurang berminat mempelajari puisi ini berpunca dari kurang kefahaman memahami makna tersurat dan tersirat puisi pengap. Kesukaran untuk meneruskan kelestarian puisi ini terus terencat kerana pemilik budaya kurang kefahaman terhadap simbol sebagai agen penyampai nilai kebudayaan. Pendekatan kualitatif telah digunakan dalam kajian ini dengan menggunakan kajian lapangan dan kepustakaan. Teks puisi pengap gawai pangkung tiang dan soalan temu bual semi-berstruktur sebagai instrumen untuk merungkai nilai budaya. Data-data diperolehi telah dianalisis menggunakan Model Bogdan dan Biklen (2007). Sampel kajian diperoleh daripada dua orang pakar budaya. Pemilihan sampel dijalankan berlandaskan kewibawaan dan kemahiran mereka dalam puisi pengap gawai pangkung tiang. Dapatan kajian mendapati Kelestarian dan daya tahan mengamalkan puisi pengap gawai pangkung tiang sangat bergantung kepada keberkesanan melaksanakannya dikukuhkan oleh kepercayaan tradisional. Pengukuhan nilai-nilai budaya ialah keterangkuman etika, kepercayaan, pendidikan, estetik dan kebudayaan. Implikasi kajian dapat dijadikan sumber rujukan untuk pengkaji sastera rakyat dan penerus kesinambungan legasi budaya.

Kata Kunci : puisi, simbol, pengap, gawai pangkung tiang.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to evaluate the interpretation of symbols in the pengap gawai pangkung tiang poem from the perspective of Iban cultural practices and beliefs. The pengap poem is recited by the lemambang (ritual poet) during the ngap ceremony. Rich in imagination, symbols, signs, and signifiers, the poem encapsulates elements of culture, customs, and values that ought to be appreciated and understood. However, there is a noticeable lack of interest among the Iban community in learning this poetic tradition, largely due to limited understanding of both the explicit and implicit meanings embedded in the pengap text. The sustainability of this poetic tradition is increasingly at risk as cultural bearers struggle to grasp the symbolic aspects that function as transmitters of cultural values. A qualitative approach was employed in this study through fieldwork and literature review. The pengap gawai pangkung tiang text and semi-structured interview questions were used as instruments to uncover cultural values. The collected data were analysed using the Bogdan and Biklen (2007) Model. The study sample consisted of two cultural experts, selected based on their authority and expertise in the pengap gawai pangkung tiang tradition. Findings indicate that the sustainability and resilience of practising the pengap gawai pangkung tiang poem strongly depend on the effectiveness of its performance, reinforced by traditional belief systems. The reinforcement of cultural values encompasses ethics, belief, education, aesthetics, and cultural heritage. The implications of this study offer a valuable reference for folklorists and serve to support the continuity of cultural legacy.

Keyword: poem, signs, pengap, gawai pangkung tiang.

RESEARCH ON THE VALUE OF REPRESENTATIVE FOLK DANCE LANGUAGE IN SHANXI, CHINA

2025-12-25T13:34:03+08:00

As a product of the combined influence of Shanxi's geographical culture and humanistic culture, Shanxi's representative folk dances not only occupy an important position in China's Han folk dance, but is also an important expression tool for Shanxi people to express emotions, entertain and communicate. From ancient times to the present, after thousands of years of development, Shanxi's representative folk dances are still able to stand the test of time and the people and are still active on the current stage. However, in both classroom teaching and stage performances, contemporary Shanxi folk dances tend to focus only on external forms, while the cultural connotations behind their movement language are easily overlooked. The emergence of this problem will make it difficult to clearly distinguish the style characteristics of Shanxi's representative folk dances, and the phenomenon of similarity will appear. Therefore, this research employs the ethnographic research method to collect and analyze data. It examines the specific cultural connotations of the movements, roles, music, and props in representative folk dance languages of Shanxi. It reveals the value of representative folk dances of Shanxi in contemporary social life and provides theoretical references for the protection and sustainable development of these folk dances.

Keywords: Language, Representative folk dances of Shanxi, Shanxi Province, Value Research, Ethnography

EXPERIENCING AND LEARNING MALAYSIAN TRADITIONAL MUSIC: PERSPECTIVES OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

2025-12-25T13:43:46+08:00

This paper explores the views of students in Malaysian public secondary schools on Malaysian traditional music. Using the survey method, this study investigates the students’ engagement with Malaysian traditional music, their perspective on the value of Malaysian traditional music, and their suggestions for what schools should teach them about Malaysian traditional music. The findings reveal the importance of integrating traditional music into secondary school curricula, not only to preserve Malaysia’s cultural identity but also to foster a sense of belonging and appreciation among the younger generation. Findings highlight the positive perceptions of secondary students towards singing, playing and listening to Malaysian traditional music whereby a majority of the students strongly agreed that traditional music should be included in the school curriculum and taught in school. The students also expressed interest in learning how to sing traditional songs and how to play traditional musical instruments. Findings also highlight the important role music education plays in the cultural preservation of Malaysian musics in that including traditional music into the school curriculum will ensure the young generation will learn and not forget about their origins. Implications for curriculum design, pedagogy, and cultural preservation efforts in Malaysian secondary education are included.

Keywords: Malaysian Secondary School Students, Malaysian traditional music, music education, student perspectives, cultural preservation.

PENERAPAN TULISAN JAWI DALAM KARYA CATAN DULANG MALIGAY

2025-12-25T13:58:10+08:00

ABSTRAK

Tulisan Jawi telah lama berakar umbi di Malaysia jelas telah mempengaruhi corak kehidupan masyarakat penganut Islam. Perkara ini juga dapat dilihat dalam kebudayaan orang Suluk di Sabah khususnya. Kajian ini memfokuskan karya seni visual iaitu hasil seni catan yang mengaplikasikan tulisan jawi dalam karya catan tersebut. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengetengahkan falsafah dan pemahaman terhadap tulisan jawi serta hubung kaitnya dengan kebudayaan masyarakat Suluk. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah pemerhatian dan temu bual dalam mengumpulkan data daripada pelukis Suluk. Teori Kesatuan Organik digunakan dalam mengenal pasti subjek, bentuk dan makna dalam setiap karya yang dipilih. Dalam kajian ini, pengkaji telah menganalisis dua karya yang telah menerapkan tulisan jawi yang digabungkan bersama dengan imej-imej makanan masyarakat tradisional Suluk. Melalui analisis yang dilakukan, karya tulisan jawi yang berlatarkan Dulang Maligay merupakan makanan yang dihidangkan selepas majlis khatam Al-Quran. Karya catan ini membawa satu mesej tentang keseimbangan agama dalam aktiviti harian. Karya ini juga merupakan sebuah usaha dalam menyampaikan kesedaran tentang kepentingan tulisan jawi yang semakin terpinggir dalam kalangan generasi muda Suluk. Secara kesimpulannya, kajian ini menjelaskan makna dalam aspek rupa bentuk tulisan jawi dan falsafah di dalam karya seni catan melalui pendekatan seni moden. Kajian ini dapat menjadi inspirasi kepada khalayak seni serta menjadi rujukan masyarakat generasi akan datang.

Kata Kunci: Catan, dulang maligay, falsafah, Kesatuan Organik, tulisan jawi

ABSTRACT

Jawi writing has long been rooted in Malaysia and has clearly influenced the pattern of life of the Muslim community. This can also be seen in the culture of the Suluk people in Sabah, in particular. This study focuses on visual artworks, which are the result of painting art that applies Jawi writing in the painting. The objective of this study is to highlight the philosophy and understanding of Jawi writing and its relationship with the culture of the Suluk community. This study used observational and interview methods in collecting data from Suluk painters. The Theory of Organic Unity is used in identifying subjects, forms, and meanings in each selected work. In this study, the researchers analyzed two works that have applied Jawi writing combined with images of traditional Suluk people's food. Through the analysis carried out, the Jawi writing work set in the Dulang Maligay is the food served after the Quran khatam ceremony. This painting carries a message about the balance of religion in daily activities. This work is also an effort to convey awareness about the importance of Jawi writing, which is increasingly marginalized among the younger generation of Suluk. In conclusion, this study explains the meaning of aspects of the form of Jawi writing and philosophy in the art of painting through the modern art approach. This study can be an inspiration to the art audience and become a reference for the next generation of society.

Keywords: Painting, dulang maligay, philosophy, Organic Unity, Jawi writing

THE ROLE OF TOYS IN THE SOCIAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN MALAYSIA

2025-12-25T14:05:24+08:00

Developing social skills in children at an early age is an essential process. Educational toys are seen as an important agent in cultivating these skills in children. This study explored the role of educational toy designs in developing the social skills of pre-school children. Twenty-four (24) observation entries were utilized on four (N=4) pre-school children (6 years old). The participants were exposed to different educational toys across six play sessions in a controlled environment. During the sessions, the children’s behaviors were observed, coded and verified. Results showed that through the toy play sessions, the children portrayed various social attributes, namely cooperation, self-control and assertion. The results are further validated with two (N=2) expertise from childhood development background. The results of the research on toy attributes for social skills development highlight several key features, including the ability to allow multiplayer interactions, the inclusion of shareable components, the incorporation of a win-lose system, sensory triggers, features that promote active play, and opportunities for children to express themselves verbally. This study has significant implications as to the importance of educational toys as tools that facilitate the process of cultivating and developing social skills in children.

Keywords: child development, social skills, play, educational toys, pre-school child

A MUSIC-THEORETICAL APPROACH ON THEMATIC STRUCTURE AND INSTRUMENTATION IN MALAYSIAN FILM SCORING’S NARRATIVE: BUJANG LAPOK (1957)

2025-12-25T14:12:17+08:00

This article presents a music-theoretical analysis of the film score for Bujang Lapok (1957), focusing on its thematic structure and instrumentation by examining on selected scenes. The study demonstrates how recurring melodic motives, and consistent instrumental choices enrich narrative development and emotional resonance. The analysis identifies the use of Western-style leitmotif transformation along with chromatic and minimal instrumentation to established thematic continuity and subtle variations. These findings support existing research that highlights the distinctiveness of Malaysian film scoring compares to Western traditions, emphasizing mood-setting and narrative pacing. Through close score transcription and audiovisual analysis, the research emphasizes the eclectic musical language of composer P. Ramlee, which blends Western harmonic elements with local timbral textures. This study contributes to the expanding scholarship advocating culturally responsive analytical framework in film music studies, offering insights into how early composers utilized thematic structures and instruments in the early film.

Keywords: Film, Music, Film Scoring, Music Theory, Malaysian Film

KESAN PROSES LATIHAN LAKON TEATER TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN KEMAHIRAN LISAN PELAJAR INSTITUSI PENGAJIAN TINGGI

2025-12-25T14:32:20+08:00

ABSTRAK

Kemahiran lisan yang efektif memainkan peranan penting dalam memastikan pelajar dapat berkomunikasi dengan jelas dan berkesan dalam pelbagai situasi, baik ketika masih di universiti atau setelah bergelar graduan. Penulisan ini membincangkan bagaimana proses latihan lakon teater memberikan kesan terhadap pembangunan kemahiran lisan dalam pelajar. Penelitian dijalankan dengan mengaplikasikan pendekatan latihan teater yang melibatkan 10 topik dibangunkan khas untuk meningkatkan kemahiran komunikasi pelajar kepada responden terpilih. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif, data dikumpul melalui temubual separa berstruktur dan catatan jurnal daripada 35 responden yang terdiri daripada pelajar universiti. Satu modul latihan pelakon teater diaplikasikan kepada responden selama 14 minggu. Data yang dikumpul dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik untuk mengenal pasti tema-tema utama yang berkaitan dengan peningkatan kemahiran komunikasi lisan pelajar. Fokus utama artikel ini adalah kepada aspek-aspek komunikasi lisan yang berupaya dibangunkan melalui latihan teater, yang bertujuan untuk membantu pelajar mengasah keupayaan mereka dalam menghadapi situasi komunikasi yang pelbagai dan mencabar. Hasil kajian menunjukkan berlaku perubahan yang positif dalam aspek komunikasi lisan pelajar yang terlibat selepas terlibat dengan proses latihan pelakon teater.

Kata Kunci: Kemahiran lisan, kemahiran insaniah, komunikasi, keyakinan diri, teater dalam pendidikan, latihan teater, teater dan kemahiran insaniah.

ABSTRACT

Effective oral communication skills play an important role in ensuring that students are able to communicate clearly and efficiently in various situations, whether during their university years or after graduating. This paper discusses how the process of theatre acting training contributes to the development of students’ oral communication skills. This study was conducted by applying a theatre training approach involving ten specially developed topics aimed at enhancing students’ communication abilities among selected respondents. Using a qualitative methodology, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and journal entries from 35 respondents consisting of university students. A theatre actor training module was implemented over a period of 14 weeks. The collected data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify the key themes related to improvements in students’ oral communication skills. The main focus of this article is on the aspects of oral communication that can be developed through theatre training, with the aim of helping students refine their abilities to navigate diverse and challenging communication situations. The findings indicate positive changes in the oral communication skills of students who participated in the theatre actor training process.

Keywords: oral skills, soft skills, communication, self-confidence, theatre in education, theatre training, theatre and soft skills

PENYUNTINGAN VIDEO INTERAKTIF DALAM PENDIDIKAN SEKOLAH MENENGAH DARI PERSPEKTIF INOVASI CABARAN DAN IMPLIKASI

2025-12-25T14:37:59+08:00

ABSTRAK

Penyuntingan video kini berkembang sebagai medium pedagogi interaktif yang berpotensi memperkasa pembelajaran abad ke-21, khususnya dalam konteks pendidikan menengah. Cabaran seperti kurangnya penglibatan murid dan jurang digital menuntut pendekatan baharu yang lebih responsif dan berpusatkan murid. Kajian ini bertujuan meneroka bagaimana penyuntingan video interaktif berasaskan teknologi inovatif seperti kecerdasan buatan (AI), realiti terimbuh (AR) dan platform berasaskan awan dapat meningkatkan keberkesanan pengajaran serta penglibatan murid. Menggunakan reka bentuk kualitatif kajian kes berganda, dua konteks dianalisis (1) penggunaan video eksperimen interaktif dalam pengajaran Sains dan (2) pelaksanaan modul STEAM dalam Pendidikan Seni Visual berasaskan dokumentasi video. Data dikumpul melalui temu bual separa berstruktur bersama guru, refleksi murid dan penilaian prestasi menggunakan rubrik kemahiran abad ke-21. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa teknik penyuntingan yang mengandungi elemen interaktif seperti kuiz, suara AI, naratif bercabang serta visualisasi seperti green screen dan animasi grafik dapat meningkatkan minat, motivasi dan kefahaman murid. Guru turut melaporkan bahawa video yang disusun secara sistematik menyokong pembelajaran kendiri dan pengulangan fleksibel. Secara keseluruhan, penyuntingan video yang dirancang secara pedagogi mampu menyokong pembelajaran berpusatkan murid, membina metakognisi dan menjembatani jurang akses pendidikan di kawasan kurang berkemampuan. Artikel ini turut membincangkan cabaran pelaksanaan seperti kemahiran guru, akses teknologi dan keperluan latihan berterusan.

Kata Kunci: Penyuntingan Video, Pendidikan Interaktif, Inovasi Digital, Kecerdasan Buatan

ABSTRACT

Video editing has evolved beyond a technical process into an interactive pedagogical medium with strong potential to enhance 21st-century learning, particularly in secondary education. Challenges such as limited student engagement and digital access disparities call for new approaches that are more responsive and learner-centered. This study aims to explore how interactive video editing, supported by innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR) and cloud-based platforms, can improve teaching effectiveness and student engagement. Using a qualitative multiple-case study design, the research examines two instructional contexts: (1) the use of interactive experiment videos in Science teaching and (2) the implementation of a STEAM-based visual arts module through structured video documentation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with teachers, student reflections and performance assessments based on 21st-century skills rubrics. Findings reveal that editing strategies incorporating interactive elements such as in-video quizzes, AI narration and branching narratives along with dynamic visuals like green screen effects and animation, significantly enhance student interest, motivation and understanding. Teachers also reported that well-structured videos support self-directed learning and flexible revision. Overall, pedagogically designed video editing strategies can foster learner-centered education, strengthen metacognitive development and help bridge educational access gaps, particularly in under-resourced rural schools. This paper also highlights implementation challenges, including limited teacher skills, inadequate technological infrastructure and the need for ongoing professional development in educational video production.

Keywords: Video Editing, Interactive Education, Digital Innovation, Artificial Intelligence, Interactive Video

STRATEGI DAN CABARAN UNTUK MEMPERKASA TARIAN MONGIGOL PATOD DALAM UPACARA MOI PATOD BAGI ETNIK DUSUN BUNDU DI RANAU, SABAH

2025-12-25T14:48:29+08:00

ABSTRAK

Tarian Mongigol Patod merupakan sebuah tarian yang menjadi sebahagian daripada upacara Moi Patod bagi etnik Dusun Bundu di Ranau, Sabah. Tarian ini bukan sekadar ekspresi seni, sebaliknya berakar daripada amalan ritual yang berfungsi sebagai medium spiritual dan sosial dalam kehidupan masyarakat, termasuk menghubungkan manusia dengan roh nenek moyang serta mencerminkan falsafah keseimbangan antara manusia dan alam dalam kosmologi etnik di Sabah (Sri Ningsih Sukirman, 2020). Namun, arus globalisasi, urbanisasi dan perubahan nilai agama telah menjejaskan kesinambungan tradisi ini (James, 2006, Kraidy, 2005). Kajian ini menumpukan kepada dua aspek utama iaitu strategi pemerkasaan dan cabaran pelestarian dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) berasaskan pendekatan kualitatif melalui temu bual mendalam dan pemerhatian lapangan di Kampung Bundu Tuhan, Ranau. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa walaupun tarian mongigol patod kekal penting sebagai warisan budaya tak ketara etnik Dusun Bundu, kesinambungannya berhadapan dengan cabaran perubahan sosial dan modenisasi, termasuk persepsi negatif terhadap ritual tradisional serta kekangan sokongan dan sumber dalam komuniti tempatan (Sharifuddin Zainal et al., 2023). Strategi pemerkasaan yang dicadangkan meliputi tiga komponen utama iaitu pendidikan budaya komuniti, dokumentasi digital berasaskan akademik, dan pelestarian etika persembahan tanpa menjejaskan kesuciannya (UNESCO, 2003, Yan & Li, 2023). Kajian ini menegaskan bahawa pelestarian tarian mongigol patod memerlukan pendekatan bersepadu yang menyeimbangkan tradisi dengan inovasi moden, serta mengiktiraf komuniti Dusun Bundu sebagai pemegang warisan sah dalam proses pemerkasaan budaya.

Kata kunci: Tarian Mongigol Patod, Upacara Moi Patod, Dusun Bundu, Strategi pemerkasaan, Cabaran pelestarian, Warisan budaya tak ketara.

ABSTRACT

The Mongigol Patod dance constitutes an integral component of the moi patod ritual practiced by the Dusun Bundu ethnic community in Ranau, Sabah. This dance is not merely an artistic expression; rather, it is rooted in ritual practices that function as a spiritual and social medium within the community, connecting humans with ancestral spirits and reflecting a philosophy of balance between humans and nature within Sabah’s ethnic cosmology (Sri Ningsih Sukirman, 2020). However, the forces of globalization, urbanization, and transformations in religious values have disrupted the continuity of this tradition (James, 2006, Kraidy, 2005). This study focuses on two primary aspects empowerment strategies and preservation challenges through a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis grounded in a qualitative approach involving in-depth interviews and field observations conducted in Kampung Bundu Tuhan, Ranau. The findings reveal that although mongigol patod remains significant as an element of the Dusun Bundu community’s intangible cultural heritage, its continuity faces challenges arising from social change and modernisation, including negative perceptions of traditional rituals as well as limited community support and resources (Sharifuddin Zainal et al., 2023). The proposed empowerment strategies encompass three main components: community-based cultural education, academically grounded digital documentation, and the ethical preservation of performance practices without compromising their sacredness (UNESCO, 2003; Yan & Li, 2023). This study asserts that the preservation of mongigol patod requires an integrated approach that balances tradition with modern innovation while recognising the Dusun Bundu community as the legitimate custodians of this cultural heritage within the broader process of cultural empowerment.

Keywords: Mongigol Patod dance, Moi Patod, Dusun Bundu, Empowerment strategies, Preservation challenges, Intangible cultural heritage.

TRANSFORMASI MOTIF BUSANA PINONGKOLOH MASYARAKAT MURUT TAHOL DI SABAH

2025-12-25T14:53:33+08:00

ABSTRAK

Busana pinongkoloh merupakan busana tradisonal wanita Murut Tahol di Sabah dan dikenali melalui keunikan motif dan serta hiasan manik yang menjadi tarikan utama busana tersebut. Pengaruh pemodenan, globalisasi dan perkembangan industri fesyen semasa telah membawa kepada transformasi yang ketara terhadap motif busana pinongkoloh. Penyelidikan bertujuan meneliti bentuk transformasi motif yang berlaku pada busana pinongkoloh. Penyelidikan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui pemerhatian lapangan dan temu bual bersama penggiat seni, penyulam busana pinongkoloh tradisional di daerah Keningau, Tenom dan Nabawan. Hasil penyelidikan ini dapat meneliti perubahan dan elemen-elemen transformasi pada busana pinongkoloh. Penyelidikan ini menunjukkan bahawa transformasi motif berlaku melalui penggunaan bahan baharu, pengolahan teknik sulaman yang lebih ringkas serta penciptaan motif yang disesuaikan dengan cita rasa generasi muda dan permintaan industri kreatif. Walaupun terdapat pelbagai inovasi, motif tradisional tetap dijadikan rujukan asas bagi mengekalkan identiti visual busana pinongkoloh. Dengan itu, transformasi motif pinongkoloh merupakan proses adaptasi yang berlaku secara berperingkat mengikut perubahan semasa. Penyelidikan ini menekankan pentingnya usaha pendokumentasian, pemuliharaan dan inovasi bagi memastikan warisan busana pinongkoloh kekal lestari serta relevan dalam perkembangan fesyen dan industri kreatif.

Kata Kunci: Transformasi, Motif, Pinongkoloh, Murut Tahol, Sabah

ABSTRACT

The pinongkoloh costume iis the traditional attire of Murut Tahol women in Sabah, recognized for its distinctive motifs and bead embellishments that form the central visual appeal of the costume. The influence of modernization, globalization and the expansion of the contemporary fashion industry has led to significant transformation in the motifs of the pinongkoloh costume. This study aims to examine the form of motif transformation occurring in this traditional costume. This research adopts a qualitative approach through field in the districts of Keningau, Tenom and Nabawan. The finding identity the changes and transformative elements present within the introduction of new materials, the simplification of embroidery techniques, and the creation of motifs embroiderer to the preferences of the younger generation and the demands of the creative industry. Despite the various innovations introduced, traditional motifs continue to serve as the fundamental reference for preserving the visual identity the pinongkoloh costume. Thus, the transformation of pinongkoloh motifs represents a gradual adaptive process shaped by contemporary developments. This study emphasizes the importance of documentation, preservation and innovation to ensure that the heritage of the pinongkoloh costume remains sustainable and relevant within the evolving fashion creative industries.

Keywords: Transformation, Motif, Pinongkoloh, Murut Tahol, Sabah

DRAMA THERAPY AS AN INTERVENTION TO SUPPORT SOCIAL AWARENESS IN AUTISTIC CHILDREN: A CASE SERIES IN GUANGXI, CHINA

2025-12-25T14:57:46+08:00

This paper investigates the effect of drama therapy as a form of intervention to improve social awareness of children with autism from between the ages of 3-8 years old at the Guangxi Special Children Care Service Center in Guangxi China. Using an experimental methodology, 5 autistic children are chosen based on a specific level of support for ASD disorder from DSM-1 to DSM-5. A 6-month drama treatment intervention experiment is carried out where SRS 2^nd ed. Scale for Autism, Emotional Recognition Test for Autism, Development-Based Behavioral Assessment System for Children with Autism was used to record the changes before and after the intervention. The experiment involves interviewing the parents of these autistic children through in-depth interviews as well as experts’ observation of the changes that form the data for this research. There are 3 phases of observation that are pre-, progressive and post-tests after drama therapy where the data are coded and triangulated with expert’s as well as parental observations to be coded in themes and sub-themes according to case-study in qualitative research methodology to explore the effect of drama therapy. This paper however, will focus only on social awareness in children with autism. The findings of this data hope to promote a new innovative method to successfully educate and improve social awareness in children with autism.

Keywords: Drama Therapy, Autism, China, Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis

A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF COURSE DESIGN MODELS: IMPLICATIONS FOR LANGUAGE CLASSROOMS IN BANGLADESH

2025-12-25T15:03:55+08:00

In modern day education, poorly designed courses are a major concern. This narrative review explores the foundational course development models and their implications for Bangladeshi tertiary classrooms. The review draws on influential frameworks highlighting their theoretical orientations, which range from structured, objective-driven models to flexible, learner-centered approaches. It highlights how these models critically address various aspects of course design, including needs analysis, content organization, assessment, and student engagement. Different empirical studies are reviewed to demonstrate the integration of these frameworks in various educational contexts and their distinctive structures. The paper concludes with pedagogical implications and future research directions aimed at improving localized instruction and supporting students’ academic language development.

Keywords: Course, Course Development, Higher Education Curriculum

KEARIFAN SIMBOL BINATANG SAKRAL DALAM ENSERA SANGKUH AGUNG: TAFSIRAN MAKNA SPIRITUAL

2025-12-25T15:09:57+08:00

ABSTRAK

Penulisan ini bertujuan merungkai simbol binatang sakral dalam Ensera Sangkuh Agung bagi memahami makna spiritual. Sastera rakyat seperti ensera kaya dengan retorik bahasa memuatkan simbol, lambang, tanda dan penanda. Tukang ensera menyampaikan neratif cerita melalui pengalaman yang tinggi untuk disampaikan kepada pendengar secara lisan atau bertulis. Proses ini memerlukan pembaca memahami struktur pemikiran pengarang yang menggabungkan seni dengan diksi sastera menggunakan perlambangan dalam sosiobudaya orang Iban. Penerapan elemen epik dalam ensera Iban diwarnai dengan pelbagai watak pahlawan yang digambarkan dengan perlambangan haiwan untuk menyampaikan semangat spiritual kuasa sakti penuh keajaiban serta misteri. Kaedah kajian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif menerusi temu bual semi-struktur melalui respondan penulis ensera masyarakat Iban. Teori Estetika Bersepadu Edmund Burke telah diaplikasikan untuk merungkai perlambangan dan makna spiritual dalam ensera. Instrumen kajian menggunakan Ensera Sangkuh Agung dan protokol soalan temu bual semi-struktur. Dapatan kajian mengkategorikan dua perlambangan binatang sakral iaitu mamalia dan reptilia. Mamalia terdiri daripada remaung dan kijang. Reptilia ialah tekura dan ular sawa. Binatang ini memiliki unsur spiritual dan sakral kerana mereka memiliki kekuasaan yang melebihi kemampuan seekor binatang. Semua binatang sakral dalam ensera membantu pengembaraan Pandak Seregatak. Implikasi kajian menjadi sumber inspirasi kepada pengarang baru dalam terus menghasilkan karya yang bermutu untuk para pembaca. Pelaksanaan kajian ini juga merupakan salah satu langkah dalam memperlihatkan budaya sesebuah bangsa diperingkat antarabangsa.

Kata Kunci : kearifan, binatang, sakral, ensera sangkuh agung.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to unravel the symbolism of animals in Ensera Sangkuh Agung in order to comprehend its spiritual meaning. The oral literature of ensera is rich in language imbued with symbols, emblems, signs, and signifiers. The tukang ensera (storyteller) conveys the narrative through profound experiences, either orally or in written form, to the audience. This activity requires readers to understand the author’s cognitive structure, which fuses art with literary diction through the use of symbolism within the Iban sociocultural context. The incorporation of epic elements in Iban ensera is coloured by various heroic characters portrayed through animal symbolism, reflecting spiritual vitality, mystical power, and supernatural wonder. The study employs a qualitative research design through semi-structured interviews conducted with Iban ensera writers as respondents. Edmund Burke’s Integrated Aesthetic Theory was applied to interpret the symbolic representations within the ensera. The research instruments include Ensera Sangkuh Agung and a semi-structured interview protocol. The findings categorize two types of sacred animal symbolism, namely mammals and reptiles. The mammals consist of the tiger (remaung) and deer (kijang), while the reptiles include the tortoise (tekura) and python (ular sawa). These animals embody spiritual and sacred elements as they possess powers beyond those of ordinary creatures. All sacred animals in the ensera assist Pandak Seregatak in his journey. The implications of this study serve as an inspiration for new writers to continue producing high-quality literary works for readers. The implementation of this research also represents an effort to showcase the cultural identity of a nation at the international level.

Keyword: wisdom, animal, sacred, ensera sangkuh agung.

STRATEGI EUFEMISME SEBAGAI PENGUNGKAPAN IDEOLOGI DALAM PERDEBATAN

2025-12-25T15:13:43+08:00

ABSTRAK

Eufemisme merupakan bentuk bahasa halus yang menitikberatkan kesopanan, kelembutan, serta penggunaan kiasan dalam ujaran bagi memelihara keharmonian komunikasi. Penelitian terhadap eufemisme dalam pengucapan amat penting, khususnya dalam konteks komunikasi yang melibatkan khalayak ramai, kerana ia berperanan mengurangkan potensi konflik, salah faham, atau penolakan terhadap sesuatu mesej. Keupayaan penutur mengaplikasikan strategi eufemisme dalam menyampaikan ideologi bukan sahaja menjamin kejelasan maklumat, tetapi juga meningkatkan tahap penerimaan audiens serta memperkukuh keberkesanan idea yang ingin diketengahkan. Dalam konteks arena perdebatan, strategi eufemisme menjadi keperluan utama kerana ia membolehkan pendebat mengemukakan hujah dengan lebih berhemah, tanpa menjejaskan kekuatan ideologi yang ingin disampaikan. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan dengan tujuan menganalisis strategi eufemisme sebagai mekanisme pengungkapan ideologi dalam wacana debat, berpandukan Prinsip Kerjasama Grice (1975). Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan kaedah analisis kandungan teks, berfokus kepada Pertandingan Debat Piala Diraja Peringkat Akhir 2023. Kaedah ini dipilih kerana setiap ujaran yang dilontarkan oleh pihak kerajaan mahupun pembangkang dapat diperincikan dari segi kandungan eufemisme serta diteliti kesesuaiannya dengan maksim Prinsip Kerjasama Grice (1975). Hasil dapatan menunjukkan bahawa strategi eufemisme merupakan teknik linguistik yang signifikan dalam perdebatan, kerana eufemisme berfungsi sebagai medium untuk menyampaikan ideologi kepada masyarakat secara berkesan. Teknik ini turut membantu penutur menyalurkan hujah dengan mengekalkan kesopanan, menjaga sensitiviti audiens, serta menyerlahkan nilai kehalusan berbahasa. Secara keseluruhannya, dapatan ini mengesahkan bahawa eufemisme bukan sahaja memperkukuh keberkesanan komunikasi, tetapi juga memperlihatkan kepatuhan penutur terhadap norma sosial dan prinsip kesantunan bahasa.

Kata Kunci: Eufemisme, ideologi, debat, prinsip kerjasama dan ungkapan

ABSTRACT

Euphemism refers to the use of refined and tactful language that emphasizes politeness, subtlety, and figurative expressions in order to maintain harmony in communication. Analysing the use of euphemisms in speech is particularly significant for ensuring communicative balance, especially when addressing a large and diverse audience. A speaker’s ability to employ euphemistic strategies in the articulation of ideologies plays a crucial role in ensuring not only the clarity of information but also the acceptance of arguments and the reinforcement of key ideas presented. Within the domain of debate, euphemistic strategies are especially essential as they serve as rhetorical tools to present ideologies effectively and persuasively in ways that resonate with the audience. In light of this, the present study examines euphemistic strategies as a medium of ideological expression in debates, guided by Grice’s Cooperative Principle (1975). The study adopts a qualitative approach, employing textual content analysis of the 2023 Royal Debate Championship Final. This method allows for a detailed scrutiny of every utterance delivered by debaters, whether from the government or opposition side, to identify euphemistic elements and to interpret them through the framework of Grice’s maxims. The findings of the study indicate that euphemistic strategies function as deliberate techniques employed by debaters to communicate ideologies effectively to the audience. Furthermore, these strategies enable speakers to convey arguments while maintaining politeness, linguistic refinement, and rhetorical subtlety, thereby strengthening the acceptance and impact of the ideologies advanced during debate.

Keywords: Euphemism, ideology, debate, cooperative principle, and expression

EVOLUTION OF PEASANT-THEMED FIGURE PAINTING IN CHINA’S 12TH–14TH NATIONAL ART EXHIBITIONS

2025-12-25T15:17:33+08:00

This study focuses on peasant-themed figure painting presented in the 12th to 14th National Art Exhibitions of China, aiming to explore the creative orientation, thematic evolution, and stylistic characteristics of peasant imagery in contemporary Chinese art. Through a systematic review and visual analysis of selected and award-winning works from these three exhibitions, the research examines expressive techniques, formal language, subject matter, and their underlying socio-cultural contexts. The findings indicate a shift from grand, collectivist narratives to individualized storytelling, with artists placing greater emphasis on the realistic circumstances and spiritual presence of rural people. The works show a warmer emotional tone and stronger sense of humanistic concern. In terms of artistic language, realism coexists with expressionism, while traditional brushwork techniques are interwoven with contemporary visual strategies, resulting in a diverse range of styles. The study concludes that peasant-themed figure painting is not only an artistic response to rural social realities but also reflects broader cultural concerns and aesthetic values in the context of China's societal transformation. It represents a key component of the realist tradition in the National Art Exhibition and opens new directions and possibilities for the development of contemporary Chinese figure painting.

Keywords: Peasant-themed figure painting, National Art Exhibition, Contemporary Chinese art, Image analysis, Value orientation

SUSTAINING JIANGNAN FOLK DANCE: CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIC PATHWAYS—A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (2010–2024)

2025-12-25T15:21:48+08:00

Jiangnan folk dance renowned for its distinctive cultural heritage and artistic expression is an important part of Chinese traditional arts. The rapid pace of modernization and evolving social aesthetics pose significant challenges to its inheritance and innovation. This study conducts a systematic literature review to identify and analyze the key issues affecting the performance and development of Jiangnan folk dance in the present time. The review highlights challenges such as cultural discontinuity, shifts in aesthetic preferences, and insufficient resource allocation. Furthermore, it explores strategies for fostering the sustainable development of Jiangnan folk dance, via emphasizing policy support, social engagement, innovation, integration, education, and dissemination. By providing a comprehensive analysis, this study aims to contribute to theoretical advancements in the field and offer practical recommendations for the future preservation and evolution of Jiangnan folk dance.

Keywords: Jiangnan folk dance, literature review on Jiangnan dance, artistic innovation on Jiangnan dance, sustainable development of Jiangnan dance