MANU Jurnal Pusat Penataran Ilmu dan Bahasa

ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN AND EUROPEAN UNION (EU) RELATIONSHIP STRATEGY OVERCOMING CYBER TERRORISM

2023-12-31T19:13:22+08:00

This research discusses Indonesian National Security in handling entry of malware caused by the attack including cyber terrorism. Utilization Technology Increasing information and communication development has changed pattern groups certain to do actions that harm the media and cyberspace, it is known as cyber-terrorism. This research discusses cooperation between Indonesia and the EU in the field of cyber security and the emergence of cyber-terrorism in Indonesia. This research uses the theory of Cyber Terrorism and National Security from Ryan Cooper as a framework think. Besides that, this research uses method qualitative use studies literature with several sources related. The results of this study show that the European Union Convention on Cyber Terrorism as Regime International has proven to encourage Indonesia to make a constitution about security for Cyber terrorism as stated in Article 21 of the ITE Law. Cyberterrorism is qualified as a transnational Crime which refers to Article 3 of the United Nations Conventions against Transnational crime.

VIOLATIONS OF HUMANITARIAN LAW: CONSISTENCE OF THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS IN THE PALESTINE – ISRAEL WAR

2023-12-31T19:48:08+08:00

This paper discusses the Humanitarian Law Violations in the Palestine – Israel war which caused a humanitarian crisis due to the Israeli attack. Muslim countries that recognize the status of independent Palestine are furious to see the wars that never stop being prolonged. We need to know that violations of humanitarian law in the wars between Palestine and Israel were committed by these two countries. Implementation of the Geneva Conventions is a solution to strengthen the principles of humanitarian law from violations committed by the two disputing countries. This paper will define how to enforce humanitarian law violations that occurred in the Israeli and Palestinian wars and define humanitarian law violations in the Israeli and Palestinian wars. This paper uses a qualitative descriptive method using the concept of the principles of humanitarian law and the Geneva Conventions.

RELIGION TURNED 'POLITICS': SAUDI-IRAN RELIGIOUS OUTREACH

2023-12-31T19:55:03+08:00

The Saudi Arabia-Iran rivalry or the Middle East Cold War, exceeds the region when it touches religious regards, which is the religious outreach that the two peripheral regional powers conduct to the Muslim world. This paper aims to explain the religious outreach of Saudi Arabia and Iran, with Indonesia as the main case study. The research also aims to discuss the recent changes in policies and attitudes of Saudi Arabia regarding its religious ideology and the obstacles that Iran is facing in its Islamic revolution. This research found that Saudi Arabia’s religious outreach is decentralized, rapid, and large, while Iran as centralized, quick, and light. Wahhabism-Salafism as an ideology is not limited only in the religious domain, it touches on various domains which is taken as precaution for the moderates, as it leads to uncontrolled and undesirable interpretation which can affect the Saudi’s image. Saudi’s Vision 2030 is a series of rapid efforts the kingdom pursue that includes transforming Saudi’s religious ideology. Whereas Iranian’s centralized religious outreach contributed to the effectiveness and acceptance by the Muslim world, which is predominantly Sunni-Muslim. Although Iran is successful in carrying it out, it is less likely to touch various aspects that are desired.

CELEBRITY INVOLVEMENT IN PEACE NEGOTIATION: CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON ANGELINA JOLIE’S SPEECH AT UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING MINISTERIAL 2019

2023-12-31T21:25:21+08:00

War and conflict are issues that happened in the past few years, they affect many sectors and the most one is the refugees of women and children. Therefore, this paper will examine Angelina Jolie’s strategy for promoting women’s involvement in peace negotiations. Transnational Advocacy Networking Theory has been chosen for this article. The method of qualitative and library research was chosen to collect various pertinent data, the data itself was obtained from Scopus, Google Scholar, and the speech video from YouTube. The data will be processed by Nvivo 12 application and divided into three data (Word Cloud, TreeMap, and Word Tree). Word Cloud data will show the most spoken words by Angelina Jolie in her speech, Tree Map data will display the frequency of words that bin used by Angelina Jolie to the lesser ones, and the Word Tree data will show the sentences that can be associated with the words Angelina Jolie uses frequently. The results indicate that Angelina Jolie as United Nations Ambassador of refuge uses her ability in entertainment and profile to leverage her lobbying for women’s involvement in peace negotiations. Jolie also to be more directly involved in the field, stepped down as United Nations Ambassador and joined the private sector.

TURKIYE'S CONFLICT: POST-SWEDEN HOSTS KURDISTAN WORKERS’ PARTY MILITANTS

2023-12-31T21:41:40+08:00

This study aims to explain the impact of the ongoing conflict between Turkiye and Sweden after the country hosted militant members of the Kurdistan Workers' Party, which is considered a terrorist group by Turkiye, the European Union (EU), and even the United States (US). This qualitative descriptive research method uses the theory of interdependence that emerged from a liberalist perspective. This research gets information from various sources, such as journal articles, official reports from websites, and online media. The study’s results show that Sweden’s willingness to accept militant members of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party has cost the country Turkiye’s vote to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The recent burning of the al-Quran in front of the Turkish Embassy in Stockholm has also made things worse between the two countries. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan stated in his speech that Sweden should seek support from the Kurdistan Workers’ Party militant group to keep their country safe rather than Turkish backing.

THE ROLE OF THE WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME (WFP) IN ADDRESSING THE FOOD CRISIS IN HAITI (2019-2021)

2023-12-31T21:54:48+08:00

This paper focuses on the role of the World Food Program (WFP) as an international organization in dealing with threats to human security, namely the food crisis in Haiti in 2019-2021. This study uses explanatory qualitative research methods using data sourced from books, scientific journals, websites, and the official website of the WFP. The results of the research show that the WFP acts as an instrument for the Haitian government to work together to deal with the food crisis, acts as an arena for other international organizations in dealing with food crises and acts as an actor in dealing with the food crisis in Haiti through the Country Strategic Plan program (CSP).

ANALYSIS OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (FAO)'S ROLE IN REALIZING SDG'S "ZERO HUNGER" IN CONFLICT COUNTRIES CASE STUDY: YEMEN

2023-12-31T22:14:24+08:00

The writing of this article aims to analyze the role of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in responding to the food crisis in Yemen as a Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)'s goal. This research uses a systematic review with qualitative research methods sourced from previous research such as journals, websites, and books to analyze more deeply the role of FAO on the issue of food security in Yemen. This is evidenced by the food crisis in Yemen in 2008 due to the increase in global food prices and 2011 Yemen was hit by a known issue of civil unrest as the Arab Spring which makes the security situation continue to deteriorate. As the FAO proves Yemen is facing the world's largest food security crisis. The agricultural sector is one of the sectors most affected by this crisis. The FAO has an action plan in response to the Yemeni crisis. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of FAO in realizing SDG's "zero hunger" in Yemen, which is a conflict country. The study found that FAO collaborates with International Organizations comprehensively focused on recovery and development. This shows that FAO has an important role in realizing SDG's "zero hunger" against the food crisis in Yemen.

THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE RECOVERY PROCESS OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY IN BURUNDI, CENTRAL AFRICA

2023-12-31T22:26:20+08:00

Women can play a role in peacemaking and peacebuilding in real terms such as taking many actions, both in the political, social, and economic fields, including being involved in peace talks (negotiators), assisting the rehabilitation of child victims of armed conflict, bridging conflicting parties to discuss issues. However, the issue of peace and all efforts to make it happen are considered part of men's work. Thus, the role of women, in this case, is less significant. Women and children are the most victims when a conflict occurs. There are two characteristics of different views to be able to understand gender and conflict. The essentialist view is based on an ontology that states that the world is rule-governed, a construction view that is based on an ontology that states that an ever-changing world. The research method used in this study is a qualitative-descriptive approach. Data comes from various sources, such as obtaining the desired data through documentation studies and digital traces. This is an important force in peace, so women deserve to be called the agents of peace in its essence towards world security and peace. In the post-conflict recovery process in Burundi, women have an important and central role, namely as peacekeepers.

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF RUSSIAN INVASION TO UKRAINE: INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT'S RESPONSE BY INCREASING FUEL PRICES IN 2022

2023-12-31T22:55:55+08:00

This study aims to explain how the response of the Indonesian government by increasing the price of fuel oil (BBM) because of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. By using the theory of the decision-making process, this article discusses how the Indonesian government formulates and implements policies regarding the increase in fuel prices as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine which resulted in a supply shock and an increase in world crude oil prices. This article may be the first article that discusses in detail the Indonesian government's response to the increase in world crude oil prices, along with a discussion of the response of the affected Indonesian people. This article uses a qualitative research method, with data collection techniques using literature, and data processing from Twitter is done with NVivo 12 Plus which produces Word Cloud data. The Indonesian government's response to the raising of subsidized fuel prices was caused by several rational considerations that had two sides, namely advantages and disadvantages. The advantage is that by increasing fuel prices, the government can reduce the burden that must be borne by the state budget. The losses incurred are the burden on the lower middle-class people in meeting their needs for fuel, both for mobility and other needs. The Indonesian government adopts policies that maintain the stability of the country's economy by providing social assistance to the people so that people's fuel needs are still met.

THE COMPARISON BETWEEN CHINA AND THE UNITED STATE (US) RIVALRY IN COVID-19 VACCINE INDUSTRY: AN EXMINATION FROM INDONESIAN PERSPECTIVE

2023-12-31T23:22:17+08:00

The trade war between the US and China has not ended so far; coupled with the outbreak of Covid-19 outbreak, the two countries are increasingly demonstrating their hegemonic power in their way; China, with its Belt Road Initiative, and the US, which has long been the ruler of the world. We can see vaccine competition between the US and China from the many vaccine companies in the two countries circulating in the world. This study aims to analyze Indonesia's response to vaccine competition between China and America using the hegemonic theory. In this study, the authors used qualitative methods. The author argues that by using free and active Indonesia Foreign Policy from Indonesia's point of view, Indonesia's response to the two countries is still neutral, such as how Indonesia responds to the competition between the two countries, starting from the Vaccine Cooperation with Russia, making its vaccines, to Indonesia's position as a Non-Aligned country. However, it does not rule out the possibility that Indonesia will not receive the full aid quota from the two countries.

REVISITING FAITH-BASED DIPLOMACY’S EFFECTIVENESS: EASTERN EUROPEAN ORTHODOX CHURCH IN THE 2022 RUSSO-UKRAINIAN CONFLICT

2023-12-31T23:38:34+08:00

This paper aims to address the possible role of the Eastern European Orthodox Church as an alternative channel to ensure fruitful negotiations to end the Russo-Ukrainian war that has still ongoing since 2022. As the majority religion in Russia, Ukraine, and Eastern Europe as a whole, the Orthodox branch of Christianity has a transnational influence on its followers, including prominent political figures in the aforementioned territories. Utilizing qualitative research methods, this paper is written to provide arguments about whether the Orthodox Church, with its immense presence in the belligerents’ spiritual beliefs, will be able to be employed as a channel to end the Russo-Ukrainian war. In this paper, analysis is conducted through the usage of J. W. McDonald’s “The Institute for Multi-Track Diplomacy” (2012) journal article about multi-track diplomacy and D. Johnston’s Faith-Based Diplomacy: Trumping Realpolitik (2003) book about faith-based diplomacy to gauge the Orthodox Church’s potential as a channel of diplomacy between Russia and Ukraine. This paper finds that overall, the Orthodox Church fails to fulfil the criteria that Johnston (2003) posits; one of the most fatal is the organization’s inability to reconcile the belligerents’ deep historical wounds. Due to the Orthodox Church's traditional role that has always been closely tied to the Russian government, its capability to build an acceptable negotiation channel is severely impeded.