SEPARATION OF STEVIOL GLYCOSIDES FROM Stevia rebaudiana USING DIFFERENT AQUEOUS EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES

Chong Saw Peng; Mustapha bin Akil; Norellia binti Bahari

doi:10.51200/bijb.v1i.1240

Authors

Chong Saw Peng Agrotechnology and Bioscience Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia), Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change (MESTECC), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Mustapha bin Akil Agrotechnology and Bioscience Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia), Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change (MESTECC), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Norellia binti Bahari Agrotechnology and Bioscience Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia), Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change (MESTECC), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51200/bijb.v1i.1240

Keywords:

hot water extraction, pressurised liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, steviol glycosides, rebaudioside A, stevioside

Abstract

Stevia rebaudiana has recently gained the attention of the food industry as one of the natural sweeteners. The sweet flavour is contributed by the glycoside compounds, especially the rebaudioside A and stevioside, which are the stevia main chemical markers. The aim of the work reported here was to compare the different extraction techniques of stevia leaves using different technologies such as the high pressure and ultrasonic on the extraction of steviol glycosides. In this paper, the extraction techniques yielding the highest glycosides from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana were determined using hot water extraction (HWE), pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The steviol glycoside yields were quantified by two chemical markers, rebaudioside A and stevioside of Stevia rebaudiana using highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The result showed that the HWE managed to obtain 1,110 mg of steviol glycosides. The PLE obtained 294 mg steviol glycosides and the UAE obtained 427.5 mg steviol glycosides. As a conclusion, the results suggested the most efficient technique for stevia extraction in this study was the HWE.

Author Biography

Norellia binti Bahari, Agrotechnology and Bioscience Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia), Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change (MESTECC), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

References

Abou-Arab, A. E., Abou-Arab, A. A., & Abu-Salem, M. F. (2010). Physico-chemical assessment of natural sweeteners steviosides produced from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant. African Journal of Food Science, 4 (5), 269 – 281.

Ahmad, F., Ahmad, Z., Hassan, A. A., Ariffin, S., Noordin, N., Salleh, S., ... & Rahim, K. A. (2018). A Review on Gamma Greenhouse as a Chronic Gamma Irradiation Facility for Plant Breeding and Improvement Program. Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia, 30 (1), 8 – 18.

Ahmad, S., Khan, F. A., Hayee, A., & Nazir, M. S. (2014). A Review on potential toxicity of artificial sweetners vs safety of stevia: A natural bio-sweetner. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 4 (15), 1 – 12.

Amita, P., & Shalini, T. (2014). Concept of standardization, extraction and pre phytochemical screening strategies for herbal drug. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2 (5), 115 – 119.

Anvari, M., & Khayati, G. (2016). Separation and purification of rebaudioside A from extract of Stevia Rebaudiana leaves by macroporous adsorption resins. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 18 (1), 127 – 132.

Azmir, J., Zaidul, I. S. M., Rahman, M. M., Sharif, K. M., Mohamed, A., Sahena, F., ... & Omar, A. K. M. (2013). Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review. Journal of Food Engineering, 117 (4), 426 – 436.

Chatsudthipong, V., & Muanprasat, C. (2009). Stevioside and related compounds: Therapeutic benefits beyond sweetness. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 21, 41 – 54.

Chhaya, C. S., Mondal, S., Majumdar, G. C., & De, S. (2012a). Clarification of Stevia extract by ultrafiltration: Selection criteria of the membrane and effects of operating conditions. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 90 (3), 525 – 532.

Chhaya, C. S., Mondal, S., Majumdar, G. C., & De, S. (2012b). Clarification of stevia extract using cross flow ultrafiltration and concentration by nanofiltration. Separation and Purification Technology, 89, 125 – 134.

Davis, S. B. (2001). The chemistry of colour removal: A processing perspective. Proceedings of the South African Sugar Technologists’ Association 75, pp. 328 – 336.

Dhanani, T., Shah, S., Gajbhiye, N. A., & Kumar, S. (2017). Effect of extraction methods on yield, phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Withania somnifera. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10, S1193 – S1199.

Gasmalla, M. A. A., Yang, R., Musa, A., Hua, X., & Ye, F. (2017). Influence of sonication process parameters to the state of liquid concentration of extracted rebaudioside a from Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaves. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10 (5), 726 – 731.

Geuns, J.M.C. (2003). Molecules of interest stevioside. Phytochemistry 64, 913–921.

Handa, S. S., Khanuja, S. P. S., Longo, G., & Rakesh, D. D. (Eds.). (2008). Extraction technologies for medicinal and aromatic plants. Trieste, Italy: ICS-UNIDO.

Huang, S., & Ning, Z. (2010). Extraction of polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum and its immune enhancement activity. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 47, 336 – 341.

Kaufmann, B., & Christen, P. (2002). Recent extraction techniques for natural products: Microwave-assisted extraction and pressurized solvent extraction. Phytochemical Analysis, 13, 105 – 113.

Kootstra, A. M. J., & Huurman, S. (2017). Extraction of steviol glycosides from fresh Stevia using acidified water; comparison to hot water extraction, including purification (Pagv-nr.; No. 722). Lelystad: Wageningen UR, PPO/Acrres.