Bacterial Consortium-Mediated Hydrocarbon Degradation of Waste Engine Oils
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/bijb.v3i.3038Keywords:
bacterial consortium, hydrocarbon degradation, waste engine oil, cell hydrophobicityAbstract
The automotive and industrial activities are considered one of the important sources of pollution with the increasing amount of WEO released to the environment. One of the ways to solve this problem is through bioremediation. It is, however, challenging since used engine oil contains complex hydrocarbon compounds and is toxic towards the environment and living organisms. Biodegradation by single species bacterium is limited to a small range of hydrocarbon compounds. Hence, a better strategy is to use a synergistic action of different microbial members in a consortium. Different waste engine oils from the motorcycle workshop (MW), urban vehicle workshop (UVW), and heavy vehicle workshop (HVW) were tested for degradation by a bacterial consortium culture. A two-level factorial design experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different WEO and nitrogen concentrations towards the growth of the bacterial culture and hydrocarbon degradation in shake flask fermentation. The bacterial consortium culture grown in mineral salts medium (MSM) supplemented with MW (Viscosity, 82 mPa.s) was shown to exhibit the highest biomass with 0.37 (OD600) with 8% (v/v) WEO and 5 g/L nitrogen from ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Pareto chart of biomass with WEO and nitrogen concentration showed a positive effect for MW and UVW, while a negative effect for HVW which was presumed due to the toxicity, higher complexity of hydrocarbon composition and higher viscosity of WEO from heavy vehicles. Subsequently, GC-MS analysis indicated the degradation of various polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and BTEX compounds such as naphthalene, benzene, and toluene in the three WEO samples. Assessment of cell hydrophobicity of the culture grown on all three WEO exhibited high cell hydrophobicity, with HVW showing the highest cell hydrophobicity of 81%. This suggests that the bacterial culture altered cell hydrophobicity to facilitate hydrocarbon uptake.
References
Ali, M., Song, X., Wang, Q., Zhang, Z., Che, J., Chen, X., & Liu, X. (2023). Mechanisms of biostimulant-enhanced biodegradation of PAHs and BTEX mixed contaminants in soil by native microbial consortium. Environmental Pollution, 318, 120831.
Bak, F., Bonnichsen, L., Jørgensen, N. O., Nicolaisen, M. H., & Nybroe, O. (2015). The biosurfactant viscosin transiently stimulates n-hexadecane mineralization by a bacterial consortium. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 99, 1475-1483.
Breznak, J. A., & Costilow, R. N. (2007). Physicochemical factors in growth. Methods for General and Molecular Microbiology, 309-329.
Costa, E., Usall, J., Teixido, N., Delgado, J., & Viñas, I. (2002). Water activity, temperature, and pH effects on growth of the biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans CPA-2. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 48(12), 1082-1088.
Das, N., & Chandran, P. (2011). Microbial Degradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminants: An Overview. Biotechnology Research International, 1-13.
Du, X., Hu, M., Liu, G., Qi, B., Zhou, S., Lu, K., & Li, Y. (2022). Development and evaluation of delivery systems for quercetin: A comparative study between coarse emulsion, nano-emulsion, high internal phase emulsion, and emulsion gel. Journal of Food Engineering, 314, 110784.
Enerijiofi, K. E., Ahonsi, C. O., & Ajao, E. K. (2020). Biodegradation potentials of waste engine oil by three bacterial isolates. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 24(3), 489-493.
Gaur, S., Gupta, S., & Jain, A. (2021). Characterization and oil recovery application of biosurfactant produced during bioremediation of waste engine oil by strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa gi|KP 16392| isolated from Sambhar salt lake. Bioremediation Journal, 25(4), 308-325.
Ghannam, M. T., Selim, M. Y., Khedr, M. A., Taleb, N. A. B., & Kaalan, N. R. (2021). Investigation of the rheological properties of waste and pure lube oils. Fuel, 298, 120774.
Hamzah, A., Manikan, V., & Abd Aziz, N. A. F. (2017). Biodegradation of tapis crude oil using consortium of bacteria and fungi: Optimization of crude oil concentration and duration of incubation by response surface methodology. Sains Malaysiana, 46(1), 43-50.
Ichihara K., & Fukubayashi., Y. (2010). Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters for gas- liquid chromatography. Journal of Lipid Research, 51, 635-640.
Isaacman-VanWertz, G., Lu, X., Weiner, E., Smiley, E., & Widdowson, M. (2020). Characterization of hydrocarbon groups in complex mixtures using gas chromatography with unit-mass resolution electron ionization mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 92(18), 12481-12488.
Ismail, N. R. A. (2019). Isolation and identification of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria in a consortium from Sungai Pinang, Pulau Pinang. Bachelor of Science Thesis. Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Jasme, N., Md Noh, N. A., & Yahya, A. R. M. (2022). Lab-scale bioremediation technology: Ex-situ bio-removal and biodegradation of waste cooking oil by Aspergillus flavus USM-AR1. Bioremediation Journal, 1-21.
Jasmine, J., & Mukherji, S. (2019). Impact of bioremediation strategies on slurry phase treatment of aged oily sludge from a refinery. Journal of Environmental Management, 246, 625-635.
Kaczorek, E., & Olszanowski, A. (2011). Uptake of hydrocarbon by Pseudomonas fluorescens (P1) and Pseudomonas putida (K1) strains in the presence of surfactants: A cell surface modification. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 214, 451-459.
Ke, C. Y., Lu, G. M., Wei, Y. L., Sun, W. J., Hui, J. F., Zheng, X. Y., & Zhang, X. L. (2019). Biodegradation of crude oil by Chelatococcus daeguensis HB-4 and its potential for microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) in heavy oil reservoirs. Bioresource Technology, 287, 121442.
Kebede, G., Tafese, T., Abda, E. M., Kamaraj, M., & Assefa, F. (2021). Factors influencing the bacterial bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminants in the soil: Mechanisms and impacts. Journal of Chemistry, 1-17.
Kim, Y. M., Ahn, C. K., Woo, S. H., Jung, G. Y. & Park, J. M. (2009). Synergic degradation of phenanthrene by consortia of newly isolated bacterial strains. Journal of Biotechnology, 144, 293-298.
Li, J., Liu, Q., Sun, S., Zhang, X., Zhao, X., Yu, J., ... & Du, Y. (2022). Degradation characteristics of crude oil by a consortium of bacteria in the existence of chlorophenol. Biodegradation, 33(5), 461-476.
Lu, Y., & Gao, H. (2022). Analysis of Fuel Consumption in Urban Road Congestion Based on SPSS Statistical Software. In International Conference on Cognitive based Information Processing and Applications (CIPA 2021) Volume 1 (pp. 113-123). Springer Singapore.
Mohamed Razalli, N. F. (2020). Isolation and development of a bacterial consortium for the potential bioremediation of soil contaminated with used lubricating oil. Master of Science (Applied Microbiology) Thesis (Unpublished). Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Moliterni, E., Jiménez-Tusset, R. G., Villar Rayo, M., Rodriguez, L., Fernández, F. J., & Villasenor, J. (2012). Kinetics of biodegradation of diesel fuel by enriched microbial consortia from polluted soils. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 9, 749-758.
Pimda, W., & Bunnag, S. (2015). Biodegradation of waste motor oil by Nostoc hatei strain TISTR 8405 in water containing heavy metals and nutrients as co-contaminants. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 28, 117-123.
Ramadass, K., Kuppusamy, S., Venkateswarlu, K., Naidu, R., & Megharaj, M. (2021). Unresolved complex mixtures of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment: An overview of ecological effects and remediation approaches. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 51(23), 2872-2894.
Ratoi, M., Niste, V. B., Alghawel, H., Suen, Y. F., & Nelson, K. (2014). The impact of organic friction modifiers on engine oil tribofilms. RSC advances, 4(9), 4278-4285.
Sakshi, Singh, S. K., & Haritash, A. K. (2019). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: soil pollution and remediation. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16, 6489-6512.
Tang, Z., & Li, S. (2014). A review of recent developments of friction modifiers for liquid lubricants (2007–present). Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 18(3), 119-139.
Truskewycz, A., Gundry, T. D., Khudur, L. S., Kolobaric, A., Taha, M., Aburto-Medina, A., & Shahsavari, E. (2019). Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in terrestrial ecosystems-fate and microbial responses. Molecules, 24(18), 3400.
Tzintzun-Camacho, O., Loera, O., Ramírez-Saad, H. C., & Gutiérrez-Rojas, M. (2012). Comparison of mechanisms of hexadecane uptake among pure and mixed cultures derived from a bacterial consortium. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 70, 1-7.
Varjani, S. J., & Upasani, V. N. (2017). A new look on factors affecting microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 120, 71-83.
Wrenn, B. A., Sarnecki, K. L., Kohar, E. S., Lee, K., & Venosa, A. D. (2006). Effects of nutrient source and supply on crude oil biodegradation in continuous-flow beach microcosms. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 132(1), 75-84.
Yap, H. S., Zakaria, N. N., Zulkharnain, A., Sabri, S., Gomez-Fuentes, C., & Ahmad, S. A. (2021). Bibliometric analysis of hydrocarbon bioremediation in cold regions and a review on enhanced soil bioremediation. Biology, 10(5), 354.
Zadeh, F. M., Zarei, H., & Jahromy, S. H. (2021). Type1 and 3 fimbriae phenotype and genotype as suitable markers for uropathogenic bacterial pathogenesis via attachment, cell surface hydrophobicity, and biofilm formation in catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 24(8), 1098.
Zulkhifli, N. A. M., Solong, D. R., Mohd Yahya, A. R., & Noh, N. A. M. (2023). Extended biosynthesis of rhamnolipid by immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa USM-AR2 cells in a fluidized bed bioreactor. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 76(5), ovad059.
Zupančič, Š., Škrlec, K., Kocbek, P., Kristl, J., & Berlec, A. (2019). Effects of electrospinning on the viability of ten species of lactic acid bacteria in poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibers. Pharmaceutics, 11(9), 483.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Total Views: 145
| 
Total Downloads: 160
