Molecular Detection of Schmallenberg Virus: An Initiative to Approach Sero-Positive Samples
Keywords:
Schmallenberg virus, RNA virus, molecular detection, RT-PCR, viraemia, acute infectionAbstract
Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a pathogen of veterinary importance that was first detected in the European ruminant population in 2011. Since then, the RNA virus has spread to various parts of the world, causing clinical manifestations such as abortions, stillbirths, and congenital malformations in ruminants. There are no molecular surveillance studies for SBV in Malaysia, and this study aimed to perform molecular detection of SBV using the positive SBV serum samples from small ruminants collected from selected farms in Terengganu and Negeri Sembilan in 2019. A molecular technique, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze 78 serum samples in comparison to an in-house synthesized positive control of the SBV L segment sequence. None of the serum samples tested were positive for SBV RNA but this does not rule out the absence of SBV in animals. This was due to the fact that an undetectable viraemia period of SBV after a short duration of the active viral infection cycle or the presence of neutralizing antibodies could eliminate the viral particles from the bloodstream over time. It is therefore highly recommended to take samples from acutely infected animals.
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