https://jurcon.ums.edu.my/ojums/index.php/jmat <p><em>Jurnal Maritim Asia Tenggara</em> or <em>Journal of Southeast Asia Maritime</em> (JMAT) was officially established on 1 August 2024, coinciding with the appointment of its first Editor-in-Chief. This journal is managed by the Blue Economy and Maritime Security Research Centre, housed within the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities at Universiti Malaysia Sabah and published by Universiti Malaysia Sabah Press. The establishment of this journal serves five primary objectives: (1) To create a scientific journal that focuses on maritime studies and marine affairs, (2) To facilitate the dissemination of research and writings by academics in related fields in the form of a peer-reviewed journal, (3) To position the journal as a key reference for academics conducting research in maritime and marine studies, (4) To serve as a platform for knowledge exchange between domestic and international scholars, and (5) To foster collaboration with universities and agencies engaged in maritime and marine-related disciplines in the co-publication of journals.</p> <p><strong>e-ISSN : 3093-7868</strong></p> Penerbit UMS en-US JURNAL MARITIM ASIA TENGGARA (JMAT) 3093-7868 https://jurcon.ums.edu.my/ojums/index.php/jmat/article/view/7759 <p>Ongoing geopolitical tensions in West Asia, particularly in strategic areas such as the Strait of Hormuz, the Suez Canal, and the Red Sea, have sparked major concerns over the stability of global maritime trade. This study aims to analyse the dynamics of conflict in the region and systematically assess its impact on the world's maritime industry. Using qualitative methods through content analysis of industry reports, trade data, and the latest geopolitical literature, the study identified several critical effects. The findings of the study show that such conflicts cause significant disruptions to global supply chains, sharp increases in the cost of ship insurance (war risk premiums), as well as shipping route diversions that increase operating costs and carbon emissions. In addition, threats to maritime security such as drone attacks and pirates at choke points have forced a realignment of international logistics strategies. The study concludes that instability in West Asia not only threatens global energy security, but also demands stronger multilateral cooperation in strengthening the resilience of maritime infrastructure. The implications of this study provide guidance for policymakers and industry players to devise more effective contingency plans in dealing with future geopolitical risks.</p> Ismail Ali Kasim Hj. Mansur Lai Yew Meng Copyright (c) 2026 2026-06-08 2026-06-08 2 1 1 12 https://jurcon.ums.edu.my/ojums/index.php/jmat/article/view/7760 <p>Artikel ini meneliti keperluan membuktikan <em>animus occupandi</em> (niat dan kehendak untuk bertindak sebagai pemerintah berdaulat) sebagai salah satu unsur teras pendudukan berkesan bagi pemerolehan wilayah yang disifatkan <em>terra nullius</em>, dengan tumpuan kepada tuntutan Malaysia terhadap Pulau Layang-Layang (Swallow Reef). Melalui analisis kandungan ke atas keputusan penghakiman kes terdahulu dan penaakulan kehakiman yang membentuk ukuran pembuktian <em>animus occupandi</em>, artikel ini memperincikan bagaimana niat berdaulat dikenal-pasti dalam pertikaian wilayah. Tindakan kedaulatan yang dilaksanakan melalui deklarasi kedaulatan, peluasan undang-undang nasional, pemberian konsesi, dan tindakan pentadbiran autoriti negara&nbsp; yang ” diperlihatkan secara aman dan berterusan (“<em>continuous and peaceful display of state authority</em>”). Artikel ini seterusnya menilai sama ada rangkaian tindakan Malaysia di Pulau Layang-Layang seperti pendudukan ketenteraan, pembinaan infrastruktur, kemudahan awam dan aktiviti ekonomi serta langkah pentadbiran boleh ditafsir sebagai bentuk manifestasi <em>animus occupandi</em> yang mencukupi berdasarkan keputusan penghakiman kes-kes terdahulu. Artikel ini juga menghujahkan bahawa pembuktian <em>animus occupandi </em>perlu disokong oleh dokumentasi amalan negara (dasar, strategi, rekod pentadbiran dan bahan arkib) yang lebih tersusun. Di samping itu, analisis juga perlu menitik-beratkan isu tarikh kritikal (<em>critical date</em>) dan nilai tindakan pasca-pertikaian. Kesimpulannya, <em>animus occupandi&nbsp; </em>ialah prasyarat normatif yang memandu penilaian ke atas kawalan berkesan; tanpa niat berdaulat yang jelas, pendudukan fizikal semata-mata tidak memadai untuk meneguhkan tuntutan kedaulatan.</p> Marja Azlima Omar Copyright (c) 2026 2026-06-08 2026-06-08 2 1 13 24