ISU STATELESS DALAM KALANGAN ETNIK KURDIS DI TURKI: PUNCA DAN IMPLIKASI

STATELESS KURDS IN TURKEY: ROOTS CAUSES OF THE CONFLICT AND ITS IMPLICATION

Abstract

This article is regarding the stateless issue among the Kurds in Turkey. It is undeniable that this issue has clearly affected the political institution in Turkey and has been a big concern to the international community. Hence, a thorough research on this issue has its significant importance. The failure of the Treaty of Sevres 1920 had brought to the partition plan of the Kurdistans territory that later became a state-border for Turkey, Syria, Iran and Iraq. As a result of the partition plan, the Kurds in Turkey had lost their territory and the Kurds are known as one of the largest stateless group today. The stateless issue among the Kurds in Turkey has led to a severe diaspora among them to several countries especially in the Europe. The Kurds' nationalist organizations such as PKK (Kurdish Workers Party) were involved in the attempt of self-determination to gain autonomy in Kurdistan. The Kurds in diaspora were also associated with self- determination and the promotion of nationalism through the encouragement of the Kurds' language and culture especially in the liberal west countries.

ABSTRAK

Penulisan ini adalah mengenai isu stateless (tidak bernegara) bangsa Kurdis di Turki. Kajian mengenai isu ini adalah sangat signifikan kerana isu ini telah memberi kesan terhadap institusi politik di Turki dan secara tidak langsung turut menjadi perhatian masyarakat antarabangsa. Kegagalan Perjanjian Sevres pada tahun 1920 telah menyebabkan wilayah Kurdistan terpaksa dibahagikan dan dijadikan sempadan kepada empat buah negara, iaitu Turki, Syria, Iran dan Iraq. Pembahagian sempadan tersebut telah menyebabkan etnik Kurdis di Turki kehilangan wilayah dan menjadi antara golongan stateless yang terbesar pada hari ini. Isu stateless etnik Kurdis di Turki juga telah membawa kepada diaspora yang besar ke beberapa buah negara terutamanya di Eropah. Usaha self-determination etnik Kurdis yang memperjuangkan kemerdekaan wilayah Kurdistan giat dijalankan oleh pergerakan nasionalis Kurdis di Turki terutamanya PKK (Kurdish Workers Party). Etnik Kurdis yang berada di dalam diaspora juga turut menjalankan usaha self-determination dan mempromosikan semangat nasionalisme dalam kalangan mereka dengan penerapan budaya dan bahasa Kurdis terutamanya mereka yang berada di negara-negara barat yang bersifat liberal.