PENGARUH SOSIOBUDAYA ORANG ASAL TERHADAP TINGKAH LAKU PENJAGAAN KESIHATAN: SATU TINJAUAN LITERATUR
THE SOCIO-CULTURAL INFLUENCE OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ON HEALTH CARE BEHAVIOR: A LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/jobsts.v6i1.2798Keywords:
Elemen Sosiobudaya, Geografi Kesihatan, Orang Asal, Tingkah Laku Penjagaan KesihatanAbstract
Penyelidikan Geografi Kesihatan sebagai subdisiplin dalam Geografi Manusia mula berkembang seiring dengan penggunaan kaedah kualitatif yang semakin popular menjelang tahun 1990-an. Pengkajian Geografi Kesihatan adalah berfokuskan kepada pemberian makna tempat dan pengaruh persekitaran kepada kesihatan. Pendekatan ini berkontradiksi dengan pendekatan Geografi Perubatan yang melihat tempat hanyalah sebagai ‘kanvas’ dimana peristiwa berlaku. Pemberian makna tempat dalam kajian Geografi Kesihatan menunjukkan bahawa tempat bukan hanya dicirikan oleh sifat fizikal malah juga dicirikan oleh sifat sosiobudaya. Justeru, dalam memahami tentang hasil kesihatan disesebuah tempat, ciri budaya turut perlu diambil kira. Oleh itu, dalam artikel ini elemen sosiobudaya yang mempengaruhi tingkah laku orang asal dalam penjagaan kesihatan akan diulas dengan lebih lanjut. Kepercayaan kesihatan dalam kalangan orang asal didapati adalah bersifat kolektif yang meliputi kesihatan fizikal dan mental, hubungan dengan nenek moyang, komuniti dan alam semula jadi. Manakala elemen sosiobudaya yang mempengaruhi tingkah laku penjagaan kesihatan dalam kalangan orang asal adalah pelbagai seperti batasan bahasa, pendidikan, jaringan keselamatan sosial, pengaruh gender dan sebagainya. Elemen sosiobudaya tersebut didapati menyebabkan halangan akses penjagaan kesihatan dalam kalangan orang asal. Maka itu, intervensi yang berkesan dalam mengatasi halangan tersebut perlulah bersifat holistik dan melibatkan pendekatan transdisiplin bagi meningkatkan keyakinan dan penggunaan orang asal terhadap perkhidmatan penjagaan kesihatan.
Health Geography research as a subdiscipline in Human Geography began to grow in line with qualitative methods that became increasingly popular by the 1990s. The study of Health Geography is focused on giving meaning to places and the influence of the environment on health. This approach contradicts the Medical Geography approach, which sees the place only as a 'canvas' where events occur. The definition of place in the study of Health Geography shows that place is not only characterized by physical properties but also characterized by socio-cultural properties. Therefore, in understanding the health outcomes of a place, a place's cultural characteristics should be taken into account. Thus, in this paper, the socio-cultural elements influencing indigenous behavior in health care will be reviewed further. Health beliefs among indigenous peoples were collective in nature, covering physical and mental health, ancestral relationships, community, and nature. At the same time, the socio-cultural elements that influence health care behavior among indigenous people are various such as language limitations, education, social security networks, gender influences, and so on. These socio-cultural elements were found to cause barriers to access to health care among indigenous peoples. Therefore, effective interventions in overcoming these barriers must be holistic and involve a transdisciplinary approach to increase indigenous people's confidence and use in healthcare services.
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