Strategi Daya Tindak Mangsa Banjir: Kajian Kes Bencana Banjir Di Kelantan Disember 2014
Coping Strategies of Flood Victim: Case Study of Flood Disaster December 2014 in Kelantan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/jpks.v3i1.4023Keywords:
strategi daya tindak, mangsa banjir, bencana banjir, Kelantan, Disember 2014, coping strategie, flood victims, flood disaster, December 2014Abstract
Pada Disember 2014, telah berlaku bencana banjir di Kelantan yang dianggap sebagai banjir terbesar dan terburuk di negeri tersebut selepas peristiwa banjir pada 1967. Kesan daripada banjir besar yang berlaku, mangsa banjir bukan sahaja mengalami kemusnahan fizikal seperti kemusnahan harta benda secara total malah turut berdepan dengan isu psikologikal. Berdasarkan tinjauan kajian terdahulu mendapati, strategi daya tindak merupakan faktor daya tahan yang dapat melindungi mangsa banjir daripada berhadapan dengan masalah psikologikal yang lebih kritikal. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk meneroka strategi daya tindak yang digunakan oleh mangsa banjir yang kehilangan harta benda secara total kesan daripada banjir yang berlaku. Bagi menjalankan kajian ini, seramai 28 orang mangsa banjir yang mengalami kehilangan harta benda secara total telah dipilih dengan menggunakan kaedah persampelan secara bertujuan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif di mana kajian kes dipilih sebagai reka bentuk kajian. Pemilihan informan adalah secara bertujuan dengan menggunakan kriteria inklusif. Dua sesi temu bual secara mendalam telah dijalankan secara berasingan sehingga data mencapai tahap ketepuan. Data yang diperoleh kemudiannya dianalisis menggunakan kaedah tematik analisis. Hasil daripada kajian yang dijalankan mendapati, empat strategi daya tindak yang digunakan oleh informan iaitu strategi daya tindak berfokuskan masalah, daya tindak berfokuskan emosi, daya tindak berasaskan agama dan daya tindak maladaptif. Informan yang menggunakan strategi daya tindak yang berkesan seperti daya tindak berfokuskan masalah, berfokuskan emosi dan daya tindak berasaskan agama secara positif telah menunjukkan daya tahan yang tinggi dan seterusnya membantu mereka dalam mencapai kesejahteraan fizikal dan psikososial selepas banjir. Walau bagaimanapun, informan yang gagal menggunakan strategi daya tindak yang berkesan seperti daya tindak berasaskan agama secara negatif dan daya tindak maladaptif dilihat mempunyai daya tahan yang rendah seterusnya memerlukan program intervensi khusus yang dapat membantu mereka dalam mencapai kefungsian sosial selepas banjir.
In December 2014, the major flood incident in Kelantan was considered as the huge and worst flood in Kelantan after the 1967 floods. As a result of the major floods, flood victims not only suffered from physical damage such as total property damage (total loss) but also encountered psychological issues. A number of literatures have highlighted coping strategies as one of the resilience factor that can actually protect the flood victims from experiencing psychological distress. There for the purpose of this study is to explore the coping strategies used by flood victims who have lost their property during the flood. To conduct this study, a total of 28 flood victims who suffered total loss of property were selected using purposeful sampling method. This study uses a qualitative approach where case studies are selected as research design. The informans was selected based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Two in-depth interview sessions were conducted separately until data reached saturation points. The data obtained were then analyzed using the thematic analysis. The results of this study found that four coping strategies used by informants were problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, religious coping and maladaptive coping. Informants who use effective coping strategies such as problem-focused coping, emotionally-focused coping and positively religious coping have shown high resilience and thus assist them in achieving physical and psychosocial well-being after the flood. However, informants who fail to use effective coping strategies such as negative religious coping and maladaptive coping are perceived as having low resilience and thus need specialized intervention programs that can assist them in achieving social functioning after the flood.
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