Pengaruh Beban Penjagaan terhadap Dimensi Kualiti Hidup: Kawalan Diri sebagai Mediator dalam Kalangan Penjaga Utama Pesakit Kanser di Hujung Nyawa
The Influence of Caring Burden on the Quality-of-Life Dimensions: Self-control as a Mediator among Caregivers of End-of-Life Cancer Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/jpks.v4i1.4687Keywords:
beban penjagaan, ketegangan personal, ketegangan peranan, kawalan diri, penjaga utama, pesakit kanser di hujung nyawa, caring burden, personal strain, roles strain, self-control, primary carer, end-of-life cancer patientsAbstract
Kemajuan dalam bidang perubatan telah menyebabkan berlakunya peralihan peranan di dalam aktiviti penjagaan pesakit kronik terutamanya pesakit yang berada pada fasa terminal ini. Peralihan penjagaan dari hospital ke rumah memerlukan penjaga utama yang terdiri daripada ahli keluarga untuk melakukan pelbagai usaha dalam berhadapan dengan pelbagai cabaran dan isu yang melibatkan penjagaan saat akhir selain daripada perlu menerima hakikat akan pemergian ahli keluarga mereka. Tanpa pengetahuan dan persediaan yang rapi, penjaga utama cenderung untuk merasa terbeban dengan peranan baru yang perlu mereka galas dan sekaligus memberikan kesan secara tidak langsung kepada kehidupan penjaga terutamanya ke atas beberapa dimensi dalam kualiti hidup mereka. Kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti pengaruh beban penjagaan terhadap dimensi kualiti hidup dan melihat peranan kawalan diri yang berperanan sebagai mediator terhadap beban penjagaan dan dimensi kualiti hidup dalam kalangan penjaga utama pesakit kanser dalam fasa terminal. Kajian ini merupakan kajian keratan rentas yang melibatkan 97 orang penjaga utama pesakit kanser fasa terminal dengan menggunakan persampelan bertujuan. Soal selidik The Adult Carer Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (AC-QoL), Zarit Burden Interview (J-ZBI-8) dan Pearlin’s Sense of Mastery telah digunakan di dalam kajian ini. Berdasarkan analisis data menggunakan Smart-PLS 3.2.8, analisis secara langsung menunjukkan bahawa subskala di dalam beban penjagaan iaitu ketegangan peranan mempunyai pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap kualiti hidup dalam aspek sokongan kepada penjaga, kawalan dalam tekanan menjaga, perkembangan diri dan keupayaan untuk menjaga. Manakala subskala di dalam beban penjagaan iaitu ketegangan personal mempunyai pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap kualiti hidup dalam aspek tekanan menjaga. Seterusnya analisis hubungan tidak langsung pula menunjukkan bahawa kawalan diri didapati tidak berperanan sebagai pengantara dalam hubungan antara beban, tekanan penjagaan dan kualiti hidup penjaga utama. Kajian ini telah memberi implikasi kepada penjagaan dalam kalangan keluarga yang mengalami beban penjagaan terutamanya dalam aspek ketegangan peranan dan personal mereka sehingga menjejaskan beberapa dimensi kualiti hidup mereka. Dalam usaha untuk meningkatkan dimensi di dalam kualiti hidup penjaga utama pesakit kanser di hujung nyawa ini, pekerja sosial merupakan profesion menolong yang akan perlu melakukan beberapa pendekatan, kaedah dan teknik di dalam praktis kerja sosial untuk meningkatkan ketidakfungsian sosial yang berlaku kepada penjaga.
Advancement in medicine has led to a shift of roles in the care of chronic patients, especially patients that are in this terminal phase. The transition of care from hospital to home requires a primary caregiver consisting of family members to make various efforts in dealing with various challenges and issues involving end-of-care other than having to accept the fact of the departure of their family members. Without proper knowledge and preparation, primary caregivers tend to feel burdened with new roles they need to bear and at the same time have an indirect impact on caregiver life, especially on some dimensions in their quality-of- life. This study was conducted to identify influences the burden of care on the quality of life dimension and see the role of self-control as a mediator on the burden of care and the quality of life dimension among primary caregivers of cancer patients in the terminal phase. This study is a cross-sectional study involving 97 primary caregivers of terminal phase cancer patients using purposeful sampling. The Adult Carer Quality of Life Questionnaire (AC-QoL), Zarit Burden Interview (J-ZBI-8) and Pearlin’s Sense of Mastery questionnaires were used in this study. Based on data analysis using Smart-PLS 3.2.8, direct analysis shows that that subscale in care load that is role tension has a significant negative influence on quality of lif quality-of- life e in terms of support to caregivers, control in stress, self-development and the ability to care. While the subscale in the burden of care that is personal tension has a significant negative influence on the qu quality-of- life ality of life in terms of care stress. Furthermore, the analysis of indirect relationships shows that self-control is found not to act as a mediator in the relationship between the burden, stress of care and quality-of- life of the main caregiver. This study has implications for family caregiver families who experience the burden of care, especially in terms of roles strain and personal strain, thus affecting several dimensions of their quality-of- life. To improve the dimensions in the quality-of- life of the primary caregivers of cancer patients at the end-of-life, social workers are a helping profession that will need to implement some approaches, methods, and techniques in the practice of social work to improve social dysfunction that occurs to caregivers.
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