BREATHING EXERCISES FOR ANXIETY MANAGEMENT: A SCOPING REVIEW OF THE MOST RECENT RCTS
Keywords:
Adult, Anxiety, Breathing Exercises, Complementary Therapies, Mind-body TherapiesAbstract
Anxiety is a normal reaction that can interfere with one's emotions which can be the biggest problem in their life and affect physical and psychological health. Breathing exercise is one technique that is easy to use for decreasing anxiety. Objective: Determine breathing exercises that can reduce anxiety in adults. Methods: The articles were searched using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and SAGE Journal databases. The inclusion criteria are articles that focus on breathing exercise for anxiety, full-text availability, articles published within 10 years (2012-2022), RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial) research, and articles in English or Indonesian. Results: 12 articles about breathing exercises related to anxiety in adults were obtained. Conclusion: Based on the articles obtained, 8 breathing exercises were found, which are diaphragmatic breathing relaxation, controlled Breathing techniques, alternate nostril breathing exercise, deep Breathing, pattern breathing, four breathing techniques, SKY breathing exercise, and Lamaze breathing technique.
References
Ariga, R. A. (2019). Decrease anxiety among students who will do the objective structured clinical examination with deep breathing relaxation technique. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.409
Atilgan, E. D., & Tuncer, A. (2021). The effects of breathing exercises in mothers of children with special health care needs:A randomized controlled trial. IOS Press BV. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-200327
Baljon, K. J., Baljon, K. J., Romli, M. H., Ismail, A. H., Khuan, L., & Chew, B. H. (2020). Effectiveness of breathing exercises, foot reflexology and back massage (BRM) on labour pain, anxiety, duration, satisfaction, stress hormones and newborn outcomes among primigravidae during the first stage of labour in Saudi Arabia: A study protocol for. BMJ Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033844
Baljon, K. J., Romli, M. H., Ismail, A. H., Khuan, L., & Chew, B.-H. (2022). Effectiveness of Breathing Exercises, Foot Reflexology and Massage (BRM) on Maternal and Newborn Outcomes Among Primigravidae in Saudi Arabia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Women’s Health, 14, 279–295. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S347971
Bloch, S., Aguilera-t, N., Uniuersitp, P., Curie, A., & Bernard, Q. S. (1991). Specific respiratory patterns distinguish basic emotions. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 11, 141–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8760(91)90006-j
Boaviagem, A., Melo Junior, E., Lubambo, L., Sousa, P., Aragão, C., Albuquerque, S., & Lemos, A. (2017). The effectiveness of breathing patterns to control maternal anxiety during the first period of labor: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 26, 30–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.11.004
Borge, C. R., Hagen, K. B., Mengshoel, A. M., Omenaas, E., Moum, T., & Wahl, A. K. (2014). Effects of controlled breathing exercises and respiratory muscle training in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from evaluating the quality of evidence in systematic reviews. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2466-14-184
Braun, M., Jerath, R., Bs, M. W. C., Barnes, V. A., & Bs, K. H. (2015). Self-regulation of breathing as a primary treatment for anxiety. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 40(2), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-015-9279-8
Brown, R. P., Gerbarg, P. L., & Muench, F. (2013). Breathing practices for treatment of psychiatric and stress-related medical conditions. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 36, 121–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2013.01.001
Busch, V., Magerl, W., Kern, U., Haas, J., Hajak, G., & Eichhammer, P. (2012). The Effect of Deep and Slow Breathing on Pain Perception, Autonomic Activity, and Mood Processing-An Experimental Study. Pain Medicine, 13(2), 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1526-4637.2011.01243.X
Chen, Y.-F., Huang, X.-Y., Chien, C.-H., & Cheng, J.-F. (2017). The Effectiveness of Diaphragmatic Breathing Relaxation Training for Reducing Anxiety. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 53(4), 329–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12184
Cheng, S. T., Wu, Y. K., Yang, M. C., Huang, C. Y., Huang, H. C., Chu, W. H., & Lan, C. C. (2014). Pulmonary rehabilitation improves heart rate variability at peak exercise, exercise capacity and health-related quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Heart and Lung: Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 43(3), 249–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2014.03.002
Christakis, I., Pagkratis, M. T., Varvogli, L., Darviri, C., & Chroussos, G. (2012). Measuring the stress of the surgeons in training and use of a novel interventional program to combat it. Journal of the Korean Surgical Society, 82(5), 312. https://doi.org/10.4174/JKSS.2012.82.5.312
Cicek, S., & Basar, F. (2017). The effects of breathing techniques training on the duration of labor and anxiety levels of pregnant women. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 29, 213–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.10.006
Das, S., Kochupillai, V., & Singh, D. (2002). Proceedings: Science of Breath. International Symposium on Sudarshan Kriya, Pranayam and Consciousness, 46–47.
Erawan, W., Opod, H., & Pali, C. (2013). DIFFERENCES IN LEVELS OF ANXIETY BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE PATIENTS IN PRE-OPERATING LAPARATOMY AT THE GENERAL HOSPITAL. PROF. Dr. R.D. KANDOU MANADO. Jurnal E-Biomedik, 1(1), 642–645. https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.1.1.2013.4612
Gerbarg, P. L., & Brown, R. (2005). Yoga: A breath of relief for Hurricane Katrina refugees. Current Psychiatry, 4(10), 55–67.
Gerbarg, P. L., Jacob, V. E., Stevens, L., Bosworth, B. P., Chabouni, F., DeFilippis, E. M., Warren, R., Trivellas, M., Patel, P. V, Webb, C. D., Harbus, M. D., Christos, P. J., Brown, R. P., & Scherl, E. J. (2015). The Effect of Breathing, Movement, and Meditation on Psychological and Physical Symptoms and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 21(12), 2886–2896. https://doi.org/10.1097/MIB.0000000000000568
Gosselink, R. (2003). Controlled breathing and dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ). Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 40(5 Supl 2), 25–34.
Hagins, M. (2011). Individuals With Low Back Pain Breathe Differently Than Healthy Individuals During a Lifting Task. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 41(3), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2011.3437
Hayama, Y., & Inoue, T. (2012). The effects of deep breathing on “tension-anxiety” and fatigue in cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2011.10.001
Heenan, A., & Troje, N. F. (2014). Both Physical Exercise and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Reduce the Facing-the-Viewer Bias in Biological Motion Perception. PLOS ONE, 9(7), e99902. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0099902
Jahan, I., Begum, M., Akhter, S., Islam, Z., Haque, M., & Jahan, N. (2020). Effects of alternate nostril breathing exercise on cardiac functions in healthy young adults leading a stressful lifestyle. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 27(2), e68–e77. https://doi.org/10.15586/jptcp.v27i2.675
Janet, S., & GOWRI, M. (2017). Effectiveness of deep breathing exercise on blood pressure among patients with hypertension. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Science, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.22376/IJPBS.2017.8.1.B256-260
Kamath, A., Urval, R. P., & Shenoy, A. K. (2017). Effect of Alternate Nostril Breathing Exercise on Experimentally Induced Anxiety in Healthy Volunteers Using the Simulated Public Speaking Model: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. BioMed Research International, 2017, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2450670
Katzman, M. A., Vermani, M., Gerbarg, P. L., Brown, R. P., Iorio, C., Davis, M., Cameron, C., & Tsirgielis, D. (2012). A multicomponent yoga-based, breath intervention program as an adjunctive treatment in patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder with or without comorbidities. International Journal of Yoga, 5(1), 57. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6131.91716
Keliat, B. A., Hamid, A, Y, S., Putri, Y, S, E., Daulima, N, H, C., Wardani, I, Y., Susanti, H., Hargiana, G., & Panjaitan, R, U. (2019). Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa. EGC.
Komori, T. (2018). Extreme prolongation of expiration breathing: Effects on electroencephalogram and autonomic nervous function. Page Press Publications. https://doi.org/10.4081/mi.2018.7881
Lin, F.-L., Yeh, M.-L., Lai, Y.-H., Lin, K.-C., Yu, C.-J., & Chang, J.-S. (2019). Two-month breathing-based walking improves anxiety, depression, dyspnoea and quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomised controlled study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(19–20), 3632–3640. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14960
Liu, Y., Jiang, T.-T., Shi, T.-Y., Liu, Y.-N., Liu, X.-M., Xu, G.-J., Li, F.-L., Wang, Y.-L., & Wu, X.-Y. (2020). The effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation training for improving sleep quality among nursing staff during the COVID-19 outbreak: a before and after study. Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleepx.2020.100026
Lothian, J. A., & De Vries, C. (2012). Lamaze Breathing: What You Need to Know. Lamaze International Official Webpage. https://www.lamaze.org/lamaze-breathing
Ma, X., Yue, Z. Q., Gong, Z. Q., Zhang, H., Duan, N. Y., Shi, Y. T., Wei, G. X., & Li, Y. F. (2017). The Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing on Attention, Negative Affect and Stress in Healthy Adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(JUN), 874. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2017.00874
Maisyaroh, S. G., Rahayu, U., & Yuyun Rahayu, S. (2015). Anxiety Level of Postoperative Patients Experiencing Extremity Fractures. Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran, v3(n2), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkp.v3n2.3
Ostwal, P. P., & Wani, S. K. (2014). Breathing patterns in patients with low back pain. Int J Physiother Res, 2(1), 347–353.
Paulus, M. P. (2013). The breathing conundrum – interoceptive sensitivity and anxiety. Depression and Anxiety, 30(4), 315. https://doi.org/10.1002/DA.22076
Penninx, B. W., Pine, D. S., Holmes, E. A., & Reif, A. (2021). Anxiety disorders. The Lancet, 397(10277), 914–927. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00359-7
Podgurski, M. J. (2016). Theorists and Techniques : Connecting Education Theories to Lamaze Teaching Techniques. J Perinat Educ, 25, 9–17.
Potter, P., Perry, A., Stockert, P., & Hall, A. (2017). Fundamentals of nursing: Concepts, process, and practice (9th ed.). Elsevier Mosby.
Putra, Y. A., Udiyono, A., & Yuliawati, S. (2018). OVERVIEW OF THE LEVEL OF ANXIETY AND THE DEGREE OF ASTHMA ATTACKS IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA (Study in the Work Area of the Gunungpati Health Center, Semarang City, 2016). Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (e-Journal), 6(1), 357–364.
Rector, N. A., Bourdeau, D., Kitchen, K., & Joseph-Massiah, M. L. (2016). Anxiety Disorders an Information Guide.
Rosenberg, A., & Hamiel, D. (2021). Reducing Test Anxiety and Related Symptoms Using a Biofeedback Respiratory Practice Device: A Randomized Control Trial. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 46(1), 69–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-020-09494-9
Seppälä, E. M., Nitschke, J. B., Tudorascu, D. L., Hayes, A., Goldstein, M. R., Nguyen, D. T. H., Perlman, D., & Davidson, R. J. (2014). Breathing-based meditation decreases posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in U.S. military veterans: a randomized controlled longitudinal study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27(4), 397–405. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21936
Streeter, C. C., Gerbarg, P. L., Brown, R. P., Scott, T. M., Nielsen, G. H., Owen, L., Sakai, O., Sneider, J. T., Nyer, M. B., & Silveri, M. M. (2020). Thalamic Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Level Changes in Major Depressive Disorder After a 12-Week Iyengar Yoga and Coherent Breathing Intervention. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 26(3), 190–197. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2019.0234
Sundram, B. M., Dahlui, M., & Chinna, K. (2014). “Taking My Breath Away by Keeping Stress at Bay” - An Employee Assistance Program in the Automotive Assembly Plant. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 43(3), 263. /pmc/articles/PMC4419163/
Telles, S., Verma, S., Sharma, S. K., Gupta, R. K., & Balkrishna, A. (2017). Alternate-Nostril Yoga Breathing Reduced Blood Pressure While Increasing Performance in a Vigilance Test. https://doi.org/10.12659/msmbr.906502
Valenza, M. C., Valenza-Peña, G., Torres-Sánchez, I., González-Jiménez, E., Conde-Valero, A., & Valenza-Demet, G. (2014). Effectiveness of controlled breathing techniques on anxiety and depression in hospitalized patients with COPD: a randomized clinical Trial. Respiratory Care, 59(2), 209–215. https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.02565
Videbeck, S. L. (2020). Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing (8th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Volpato, E., Banfi, P., Nicolini, A., & Pagnini, F. (2018). A quick relaxation exercise for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: explorative randomized controlled trial. Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S40248-018-0124-9
Vos, T., Lim, S. S., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abbasi, M., Abbasifard, M., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdelalim, A., Abdollahi, M., Abdollahpour, I., Abolhassani, H., Aboyans, V., Abrams, E. M., Abreu, L. G., Abrigo, M. R. M., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Abushouk, A. I., … Murray, C. J. L. (2020). Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet, 396(10258), 1204–1222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9
Waid, J., & Uhrich, M. (2020). A Scoping Review of the Theory and Practice of Positive Youth Development. British Journal of Social Work, 50(1), 5–24. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcy130
Zope, S. A., & Zope, R. A. (2013). Sudarshan kriya yoga : Breathing for health. Int J Yoga, 6(1), 4–10. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6131.105935
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Total Views: 224
| 
Total Downloads: 98
