MEASURING GRIT: A PSYCHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF OVIEDO GRIT SCALE AMONG MALAYSIAN EMERGING ADULTS

Authors

  • Jing Wen Phang Taylor’s University, Selangor, Malaysia
  • Caroline Lee-Foong Quah Unaffiliated Researcher, Selangor, Malaysia
  • Yue Qian Chong Unaffiliated Researcher, Singapore
  • Anna Wen Huey Ong Canary Education Sdn Bhd https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9367-3305

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51200/sapj.v13i2.5589

Keywords:

Grit, Oviedo Grit Scale, Psychometric Properties, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Malaysia

Abstract

Grit is a non-cognitive trait linked to various positive outcomes, including improved academic performance and well-being. The Oviedo Grit Scale (EGO) was developed to measure grit effectively within collectivistic cultures. However, more attention to the psychometric properties of the EGO may be needed to expand its applicability, particularly in the Malaysian context. In this study, 240 Malaysian emerging adults participated in an online survey comprising the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S), EGO, and the demographic section. Our study examines internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and concurrent validity of EGO. Findings from the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) confirmed the unidimensionality and high reliability of the EGO, along with robust concurrent validity with the Grit-S. Theoretically, this study provides valuable insights into the psychometric properties of the EGO, suggesting it is a suitable measure of grit within a Malaysian sample. Several limitations and recommendations for future research are also discussed.

References

Arnett, J. J. (2016). Does emerging adulthood theory apply across social classes? National data on a persistent question. Emerging Adulthood, 4(4), 227–235. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696815613000

Clark, R. S., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2019). Grit within the context of career success: A mixed methods study. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 4(3), 91–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-019-00020-9

Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in Exploratory Factor Analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 10(7), 1-9. http://claudiaflowers.net/rsch8140/efa_best.pdf

Crede, M., Tynan, M. C., & Harms, P. D. (2016). Much ado about grit: A meta-analytic synthesis of the grit literature. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(3). https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000102

Dancey, C. P., & Reidy, J. (2007). Statistics without maths for psychology (4th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.

Datu, J. A. D., Yuen, M., & Chen, G. (2017). Development and validation of the Triarchic Model of Grit Scale (TMGS): Evidence from Filipino undergraduate students. Personality and Individual Differences, 114, 198-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.012

Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1087-1101. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087

Duckworth, A. L., & Quinn, P. D. (2009). Development and validation of the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S). Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(2), 166-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890802634290

Ellinger J., Yoshida L., Tavares D., Manninang J. (2018, March). Investigation of the Short Grit Scale for use in an English writing course in Japanese higher education [Paper presentation]. 2018 New Perspectives in Science Education, Florence, Italy.

Gonzalez, O., Canning, J. R., Smyth, H., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2020). A psychometric evaluation of the Short Grit Scale. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 36(4), 646-657. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000535

Han, K. (2021). Students’ well-being: The mediating roles of grit and school connectedness. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 787861. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.787861

Hasan, H. E. A., Munawar, K., & Khaiyom, J. H. A. (2020). Psychometric properties of developed and transadapted grit measures across cultures: A systematic review. Current Psychology, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01137-w

Kirchgasler, C. (2018). True grit? Making a scientific object and pedagogical tool. American Educational Research Journal, 59(4), 693-720. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831217752244

Li, C., & Lee, H. (2020). The applicability of four grit scales to a traditional collectivist context. Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities - Philosophy of being human as the core of interdisciplinary research (pp. 317-321). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200901.061

Li, J., Zhao, Y., Kong, F., Du, S., Yang, S., & Wang, S. (2018). Psychometric assessment of the Short Grit Scale among Chinese Adolescents. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 36(3), 291-296. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282916674858

Liu, H., Ye, B., & Hu, Y. (2022). Stressful life events and depression during the recurrent outbreak of COVID-19 in China: The mediating role of grit and the moderating role of gratitude. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 15, 1359-1370. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S360455

Lo, C. T., & Datu, J. A. (2020). Triarchic model of Grit dimensions as predictors of career outcomes. The Career Development Quarterly, 68(4), 348–360. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12241

Olckers, C., Koekemoer, E. (2021). Exploring the grit-performance and grit-career success relationship: The role of psychological ownership. In: van Zyl, L. E., Olckers, C., van der Vaart, L. (eds) Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Grit. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57389-8_12

Postigo, A., Barria, J., Cuesta, M., & García-Cueto, E. (2023). Psychometric Properties of the Chilean Version of the Oviedo Grit Scale. Collabra: Psychology, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.57516

Postigo, Á., Cuesta, M., García-Cueto, E., MenéndezAller, Á., González-Nuevo, C., & Muñiz, J. (2021). Grit assessment: Is one dimension enough? Journal of Personality Assessment, 103(6), 786-796. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2020.1848853

Schmidt, F. T. C., Fleckenstein, J., Retelsdorf, J., Eskreis-Winkler, L., & Moller, J. (2017). Measuring grit: A German validation and a domain-specific approach to grit. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 35(3). https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000407

Siah, P. C, Siew, B. Y. R., & Sai, Z. Y. (2020). Social media addiction and academic adjustment: The mediating or moderating effect of grit personality. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 7(3), 143–151. https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2020.03.013

Tan, C., Low, S. R., Chong, H. Y., Chong, S. L., Ong, A. W., Siah, P. C., Phang, S. F., Ong, Z. Q., Tan, W. H., Wong, J. A., & Lew, W. H. (2019). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) for Malaysian undergraduate students. Makara Hubs-Asia, 23(1), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.7454/hubs.asia.2120519

Turnalar-Çetinkaya, N. (2024). Validation Evidence for the Oviedo Grit Scale (EGO) in a Non-Western Context. İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 11(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.1389105

Wan Sulaiman, W. S., Shariff, M. I. A., & Khairudin, R. (2023). The role of psychological capital in flourishing among job seekers: Grit as a mediator. Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 8(1), 119-136. https://doi.org/10.21580/pjpp.v8i1.14939

Published

2025-12-30
Total Views: 94 | Total Downloads: 30