Model Ketidakupayaan Sosial-Perubatan Bagi Orang Kurang Upaya Di Malaysia
Keywords:
Model Ketidakupayaan Sosial-Perubatan, Kesejahteraan Dalam Kalangan OKUAbstract
Dalam Model Perubatan, kurang upaya dianggap sebagai ketidakupayaan fungsi kronik yang menyebabkan ketidakupayaan fizikal atau mental, seterusnya membawa kepada ketidakmampuan untuk bekerja dan terlibat sepenuhnya dalam masyarakat. Berbeza dengan Model Ketidakupayaan Sosial yang beranggapan bahawa OKU dilihat sebagai kumpulan minoriti yang dikenakan diskriminasi, stigma, pengasingan sosial, penindasan, peminggiran dan berhadapan dengan banyak halangan sosial untuk terlibat sepenuhnya dalam masyarakat. Bagi konteks Malaysia, adakah OKU dilihat menggunakan persepktif Model Sosial atau Model Perubatan? Dengan mengambil kira isu ini, kajian ini dijalankan untuk meneroka dan menjana konsep ketidakupayaan berdasarkan perspektif Model Sosial dan Perubatan bagi OKU di Malaysia. Kaedah Grounded Theory telah digunakan sebagai kaedah utama kajian ini. Analisis Grounded Theory telah menghasilkan model teori baru yang terdiri daripada lima perspektif Model Sosial-Perubatan (penerimaan, kehidupan berdikari, kesaksamaan, aksesibiliti dan kuasa dalam membuat keputusan); tiga sumber Model Sosial-Perubatan (kesedaran diri OKU, kesedaran masyarakat dan kesedaran Ibu bapa); enam halangan Model Sosial (ketidakadilan, stigma, diskriminasi, halangan, pengasingan dan ketidakberkesanan undang-undang); dua strategi (mendapat sokongan dan mendapat pengetahuan); pengaruh Model Sosial-Perubatan (kesejahteraan). Disimpulkan bahawa, dengan mengenal pasti dan menghasilkan model ketidakupayaan yang baru berkaitan dengan Model Sosial dan Model Perubatan yang sedia ada, ia akan memberikan maklumat yang berguna untuk kerajaan sebelum program atau polisi dilaksanakan.
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