Geographic Isolation of Riparian Ecosystems Determine Population Diversity of Tor sp in Sabah, Malaysia
Keywords:
Borneo, microsatellites, Pelian, population genetics, Tor spAbstract
Tor sp is a cyprinid riverine fish known as Pelian in the local dialect in Sabah, that is currently facing challenges due to climate change and habitat degradation. Applying conservation strategies and a sustainable management program for this species requires a primary assessment of the genetic diversity and overall structure of the geographically isolated populations. Eighteen wild Pelian populations from across ten river systems were analyzed based on eleven microsatellite markers. The gene diversity and allelic richness based on microsatellite loci ranged from 0.40-0.68 and 2.63-6.10, respectively. Pairwise FST values for microsatellites were significant (P<0.05) between the majority of populations. Microsatellites analyses of molecular variance, AMOVA analyses detected variation within populations that ranged from 60.85% to 50.74% within the entire watershed, with significantly high FST values. Mantel tests supported weak patterns of differentiation based on isolation by distance. The overall population comprised two distinct clusters that exhibited further sub structuring based on the watershed. The topographical features of the landscape in Borneo comprise a combination of isolation by distance, river fragmentation and historical isolation by the Crocker Trusmadi mountain range all support the hypothesis that population substructure was driven by isolation in distinct ecological niches. These results will be used in the application of conservation strategies and management program for Pelian in Sabah.
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