Anaemia in Pregnancy in Sabah, Malaysia: A Challenge.

Abstract

Anaemia during pregnancy represents a critical public health concern in Malaysia, especially in the state of Sabah where challenges such as limited access to healthcare, poor socioeconomic conditions, and geographic isolation intensify the burden. This article reviews the epidemiological patterns, contributing factors, health consequences, and strategic responses to anaemia in pregnancy among Sabah’s diverse communities. Contributing factors include inadequate nutrition, early and repeated pregnancies, poverty, and cultural dietary restrictions. The condition increases risks of complications for both mother and baby, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and maternal mortality. National and local health policies have incorporated interventions such as routine haemoglobin assessments, iron-folic acid supplementation, and nutrition education. Promising results from case studies, like the decline in anaemia cases at Klink Kesihatan Penampang, reflect the importance of tailored interventions. The article concludes with actionable recommendations focused on expanding antenatal care access, enhancing diagnostics, and promoting culturally sensitive health education to reduce anaemia in pregnancy and improve maternal and child outcomes in Sabah.