The efficacy of long pools as fire breaks to protect peat swamp forest ecosystems: A case study in Binsuluk Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract

Peat swamp forests are vital carbon sinks but face increasing threats from persistent underground smoldering fires that release massive greenhouse gas emissions. Safeguarding these ecosystems requires effective containment of such threats. One implemented fire management method is the construction of long pools, ranging from 10 m to 20 m wide with strategic crossover points. This study evaluates the effectiveness of long pools as fire breaks by comparing fire distribution and intensity patterns before and after construction, alongside operational perspectives. The methodology combines qualitative interviews with senior Initial Attack Crew (IAC) officers regarding long pool efficacy, and a spatio-temporal analysis using MODIS Active Fire data to compare fire incidents in 2016 (pre-construction) and 2024 (post-construction). Results show a significant reduction in fire frequency, dropping from 91 occurrences in 2016 to 27 in 2024 with p<0.001. However, the intensity of fires breaching the boundary remained statistically unchanged with p=0.90. This indicates the long pools success is primarily as a preventative shield, providing water sources and access. The findings offer valuable insights into effective fire management and peat swamp forest conservation efforts