A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF COERCIVITY MEASUREMENTS IN THE LIFT OF EFFECT FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING METHOD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/bsj.v46i1.5887Keywords:
inductance measurement, lift-off effect, coercervity measurement, non-destructive testing, magnetic materialAbstract
Coercivity is the strength of the reverse magnetic field required to demagnetise a material after saturation which is a crucial indicator of the hardness of magnetic materials. However, errors in coercivity measurement known as the lift-off effect can be caused by air gaps. This paper investigates the literature on the gap between novel methods to tackle this issue. There was literature reporting that by integrating additional inductance measurements and developing a calibration method, it aim to mitigate the impact of air gaps. The rationale behind this calibration method is that changes in air gaps affect both coercivity and inductance measurements. Therefore, the need for a systematic literature review is crucial to synthesise empirical data on using or implementing these methods. This paper attempts to identify the trends and the focus in the field of study which is a key step in advancing our understanding of the topic. The study utilised the Science Direct, Scopus, and ProQuest based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). From the 136 documents that was fitted under the keywords - lift-off effect, coercivity measurement, magnetic materials and non-destructive testing from 2014 to 2024, only 17 original articles were published. The findings reveal that the United Kingdom is the dominant country in conducting reducing the lift-off effect on magnetic plates papers. Followed by The United States-Korea and finally is Poland. The research samples were also more focused on auxiliary inductance data, multifrequency induction data, testing of metallic spherical geometry, sensors based on their equivalent parameters, and using fibre optic Eddy current sensors to detect defects in the magnetic material. Therefore, this shows a clear gap between the present research and its future direction.
References
Ahlers, H., Ludke, J. & Sievert, J. (1996). Coercivity meter with earth’ magnetic field compensation. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 160 (1), pp 187-188. doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(96)00160-6
Balakrishnan, A., Joines, W. T., & Wilson, T. G. (1997). Air-gap reluctance and inductance calculations for magnetic circuits using a Schwarz-Christoffel transformation. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 12(4), 654-663. doi.org/10.1109/63.602560
Bida, G. V. (2010). The effect of a gap between the poles of an attachable electromagnet and a tested component on coercimeter readings and methods for decreasing it. Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing, 46, 836-853. doi.org/10.1134/S1061830910110070
Gusenbauer, M. & Haddaway, N. R. (2020). Which academic search systems are suitable for systematic reviews or meta‐analyses? Evaluating retrieval qualities of Google Scholar, PubMed, and 26 other resources. Research Synthesis Methods, 11(2), pp. 181–217. doi: https://10.1002/jrsm.1378
Kikuchi, H., Ara, K., Kamada, Y., & Kobayashi, S. (2009). Effect of Microstructure Changes on Barkhausen Noise Properties and Hysteresis Loop in Cold Rolled Low Carbon Steel, in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 2744-2747, June 2009, doi.10.1109/TMAG.2009.2020545.
Kikuchi, H.; Sugai, K.; Murakami, T.; Matsumura, K. Dependence of Coercivity and Barkhausen Noise Signal on Martensitic Stainless Steel with and without Quench. In Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics; Tian, G., Gao, B., Eds.; IOS Press:Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2020. Available online: http://ebooks.iospress.nl/doi/10.3233/SAEM200027 (accessed on 20 July 2023).
Lenz, J., & Edelstein, S. (2006). Magnetic sensors and their applications. IEEE Sensors journal, 6(3), 631-649. doi. 10.1109/JSEN.2006.874493
Lenz, J. E. (1990). A review of magnetic sensors. Proceedings of the IEEE, 78(6), 973-989. Doi doi. 10.1109/5.56910
Liu, J. (2016). Magnetic characterisation of microstructural feature distribution in P9 and T22 steels by major and minor BH loop measurements. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic. Mater, 401, 579–592. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.10.075
Matyuk, V.F.; Goncharenko, S.A.; Hartmann, H.; & Reichelt, H. (2003). Modern State of Nondestructive Testing of Mechanical Properties and Stamping Ability of Steel Sheets in a Manufacturing Technological Flow. Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing, 39, 347–380. doi.org/10.1023/B:RUNT.0000011264.99280.de
Mazaheri‐Tehrani, E., & Faiz, J. (2022). Airgap and stray magnetic flux monitoring techniques for fault diagnosis of electrical machines: An overview. IET Electric Power Applications, 16(3), 277-299. doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12157
Mitra, A., Mohapatra, J., Swaminathan, J., Ghosh, M., Panda, A., & Ghosh, R. (2007). Magnetic evaluation of creep in modified 9Cr–1Mo steel. Journal of Matrial Science and Engineerin, 57, 813–816. doi:10.1016/J.SCRIPTAMAT.2007.07.004
Ramsden, E. (2006) Integrated Sensors: Linear and Digital Devices. In Hall Effect Sensors: Theory and Applications; Elsevier: Oxford, UK, 2006. https://books.google.com.my/books/about/Hall_Effect_Sensors.html?id=R8VAjMitH1QC&redir_esc=y
Rumiche, F., Indacochea, J., & Wang, M. (2008). Assessment of the Effect of Microstructure on the Magnetic Behavior of Structural Carbon Steels Using an Electromagnetic Sensor. Journal Materials Engineering & Performance, 17, pp. 586–593. doi.10.1007/s11665-007-9184-2
Stupakov, O. (2013). Local Non-contact Evaluation of the ac Magnetic Hysteresis Parameters of Electrical Steels by the Barkhausen Noise Technique. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, 32, 405-412. doi.org/10.1007/s10921-013-0194-8
Stupakov, O., Perevertov, O., Stoyka, V., & Wood, R. (2010). Correlation between hysteresis and Barkhausen noise parameters of electrical steels. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 46(2), 517-520. doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2009.2030415
Tomas, I., Kadlecova, J., & Vertesy, G. (2012). Measurement of flat samples with rough surfaces by Magnetic Adaptive Testing. IEEE transactions on magnetics, 48(4), 1441-1444. doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2011.2172584
Wang, Q.; Cong, G.; Lyu, Y.; Yu, W. (2022). A new Cr25Ni35Nb alloy critical failure time prediction method based on coercive force magnetic signature. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 549(1), 168809. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2021.168809
Zhu, W., Yin, W., Peyton, A., & Ploegaert, H. (2011). Modelling and experimental study of an electromagnetic sensor with an H-shaped ferrite core used for monitoring the hot transformation of steel in an industrial environment. Ndt & E International, 44(7), 547-552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2011.05.005
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J. & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ, 339(Jul), pp b2535. doi: https://10.1136/bmj.b2535.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Total Views: 33
| 
Total Downloads: 11
