GROWTH AND HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN TWO ROSELLE VARIETIES CULTIVATED UNDER DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOIL MEDIA
Keywords:
Roselle, Heavy metal, Ultrabasic soil, Clay soil, Plant growthAbstract
The phenolic content of plants often varies in response to environmental changes and genetic factors. The rise in anthropogenic activities in recent times has led to an increase in the level of heavy metals in the environment. The excessive number of heavy metals may lead to bioaccumulation in the ecosystem, which plants absorb from the environment. Therefore, this study will be carried out to investigate the influences of different soil type treatments (ultrabasic, clay, and organic soil) on plant growth, phenolic constituents’ production, and selected heavy metal content (Zn, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, and Mn) in two Roselle varieties (H. sabdariffa L. and H. sabdariffa var. UMKL-1). The growth parameters, including plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, and leaf count, were recorded. Roselle calyx extract was analyzed for heavy metal concentrations using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry. The result showed there is no significant effect recorded on the growth parameter with different soil types of treatment (p > 0.05) and between varieties. In general, all plant growth parameters showed an increasing trend throughout 84 days after transplanting for the roselle variety. In addition, heavy metal results indicated that Mn and Zn were the predominant heavy metals accumulated in both varieties. Roselle varieties cultivated using ultrabasic soil have higher Mn, Co, Ni, and Pb concentrations, and clay soil has higher Zn, Cu, Cr, and Cd concentrations. Conversely, organic soil has the lowest heavy metal content. It can be concluded that both varieties of cultivation using organic soil may produce better growth and lower heavy metal content in calyces.
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