Oil extraction from rice bran using ethanol and isopropanol: Oil extraction from rice bran using ethanol and isopropanol

S M ANISUZZAMAN; Nurin Nadia  Binti Hariffin

Authors

S M ANISUZZAMAN Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA
Nurin Nadia Binti Hariffin Chemical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, UMS Road, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Keywords:

ethanol; isopropanol; response surface methodology; rice bran oil; Soxhlet extraction

Abstract

The objective of this study was to extract oil from rice bran using ethanol and isopropanol under different conditions in order to assess and compare their effectiveness. The rice bran oil (RBO) yields were examined at temperatures of 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C, using bran-to-solvent ratios of 1:3, 1:5, and 1:7, and extraction durations of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 h. The Soxhlet extraction method was employed for the extraction, followed by solvent separation using a rotary evaporator. The isopropanol at 70°C, with a ratio of 1:7 and a reaction time of 5 hrs, achieved the highest yield of 14.87% using this method. Under the same conditions, ethanol had a yield of 12.04%. The physical and chemical characteristics of the extracted oil were thoroughly examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis, acid value, free fatty acid, and peroxide value. The analysis showed that the acid values for ethanol and isopropanol were 137.61 mg KOH/g and 119.49 mg KOH/g, respectively. The percentages of free fatty acids were 68.81% (ethanol) and 59.75% (isopropanol). The peroxide value assays, which indicate the oxidative stability, exhibited notable variation: the isopropanol-extracted RBO had lower peroxide values ranging from 436.08 to 751.56 meq/kg, whereas the ethanol-extracted RBO had peroxide values ranging from 759.38 to 879.05 meq/kg. The data were analysed via response surface methodology (RSM) to optimise the extraction parameters, forecasting the maximum yield at a temperature of 70°C, a ratio of bran to oil of 1:7, and an extraction duration of 5 hrs. The statistical analysis confirmed that the optimisation model was significant (p > 0.05).

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Oil extraction from rice bran using ethanol and isopropanol