HUBUNGAN INTERGENERASI: KESAN SOKONGAN EMOSI DAN SOSIAL ANAK DEWASA DALAM PENJAGAAN WARGA TUA

Abstract

ABSTRAK
Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti sokongan psikologi dan sosial ke atas hubungan intergenerasi dalam kalangan anak dewasa yang menjaga warga tua (ibu bapa) dalam komuniti pelbagai etnik di Sabah. Objektif kajian adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh sokongan emosi dan sosial ke atas hubungan intergenerasi antara penjaga dengan golongan tua. Reka bentuk penyelidikan kuantitatif telah digunakan dalam kajian ini. Terdapat 200 soal selidik yang boleh digunakan daripada 250 responden yang terdiri daripada orang dewasa muda yang memainkan peranan sebagai penjaga orang tua. Tiga set soal selidik telah digunakan dalam kajian ini iaitu soal selidik Parent- Child Interaction Questionnaire-Revised (PACHIQ-R) (Lange, 2001) bagi mengukur hubungan intergenerasi dan soal selidik The Emotional Support Scale (ESS) yang dibangunkan oleh Hisada, Seng dan Minoguchi (1989) bagi mengukur sokongan psikologi, manakala Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) oleh Sarason, Levine dan Basham (1983) bagi mengukur sokongan sosial telah dijalankan ke atas responden dalam kalangan anak dewasa di Sabah. Analisis perisian smartPLS 2.0, iaitu analisis Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) digunakan untuk menguji pengaruh antara pemboleh ubah. Dapatan ini menunjukkan kedua-dua bentuk sokongan, iaitu psikologi dan sosial memberi sumbangan dalam mempengaruhi hubungan intergenerasi. Selain itu, dapatan kajian turut melaporkan penjaga yang tinggal di luar bandar mempunyai hubungan intergenerasi yang lebih baik berbanding dengan yang tinggal di kawasan bandar. Implikasi kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa terdapat keperluan bagi menghasilkan satu modul atau polisi bagi menjamin kesejahteraan penjaga dan juga warga tua pada masa hadapan yang perlu dilaksanakan secara holistik dan bersepadu berpandukan Dasar Warga Tua Negara (DWEN).

ABSTRACT
This study aims to identify the psychological and social support on intergenerational relationships among adult children who care for the elderly (parents) in the multiethnic community of Sabah. The objective of the study was to examine the influence of emotional and social support on the intergenerational relationship between the guard and the elderly. Quantitative research designs are used in this research. There are 200 questionnaires that can be used from 250 respondents consisting of young adults who play the role of guardians of parents. Three sets of questionnaires were used in this study: the Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire-Revised (PACHIQ-R) (Lange, 2001) questionnaire was adapted in this study is the current version of the results of the modification from the First Phase version of The Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire (PACHIQ) (Lange, Blonk & Wiers, 1998) to measure the interrelationship and questionnaire of The Emotional Support Scale (ESS) developed by Hisada, Seng and Minoguchi (1989) to measure psychological support during Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) Sarason, Levine, Basham (1983) for measuring social support was conducted on respondents among adult children in Sabah. The smartPLS 2.0 software was used to analyze the data of this study, partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis. PLS -SEM is an analysis of model-based variance-based equation analysis. PLS results revealed that emotional and social support had a significant impact on intergeneration of the elderly care.This finding shows that both forms of support can help improve intergenerational relationships between children acting as guardians with older parents. The implication of this study suggests that there is a need to develop a policy module based on the National Elderly Policy (DWEN) which needs to be done in holistic and integrated national action plans to ensure the welfare of the guardians as well as the elderly.