TOPONIM KEPULAUAN LAUT CHINA SELATAN: SATU PEMERHATIAN AWAL MENGENAI ISTILAHNYA DALAM SUMBER SEJARAH

TOPONYMS OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA: A PRELIMINARY OBSERVATION ON THEIR TERMINOLOGY IN HISTORICAL SOURCES

Authors

  • AMY AZUAN ABDULLAH

Keywords:

Laut China Selatan, toponim, sumber sejarah, Asia Tenggara, South China Sea, toponyms, historical sources, Southeast Asia

Abstract

ABSTRAK Laut China Selatan (LCS) mencakupi ruang wilayah daratan serta kelautan beberapa negara pesisir di Asia Tenggara seperti Malaysia, Vietnam, Filipina dan Brunei.  Berdasarkan susur masa era tradisional hingga moden, istilah LCS ini secara rasmi digunakan sebelum tempoh Perang Dunia Kedua (PDII). Sebelumnya, LCS yang dikenali pada era moden menggunakan istilah pelbagai merujuk kepada sumber sejarah Barat, China dan Tempatan. Kedinamikan ini merupakan satu elemen yang penting untuk menerangkan sejarah LCS secara komprehensif dan tidak terikat dengan satu perspektif atau sumber sahaja. Antara objektif yang ingin dicapai melalui makalah ini adalah, menjelaskan tentang penggunaan istilah atau toponim LCS berdasarkan sumber Barat, China dan Tempatan. Kedua, menganalisa faktor dan hujah tertentu penggunaan istilah LCS sebagai pencerahan terhadap sejarah LCS dan hubung kaitnya dengan kuasa tradisional China dan Barat. Kajian ini disempurnakan dengan menggunakan kaedah kualitatif iaitu mengumpul dan menganalisis sumber primer serta sekunder melalui peta-peta awal dan laporan. Kajian mendapati bahawa, pelayaran dan perdagangan secara langsung dan tidak langsung telah mempengaruhi penggunaan istilah LCS berdasarkan sumber sejarah yang pelbagai. Walau bagaimanapun, istilah ini tidak mempunyai hubung kait dengan isu ‘pemilikan’ kuasa-kuasa tertentu di rantau Asia. Kajian lanjut berdasarkan manuskrip tradisional dari sumber Tempatan, Arab, China dan Barat perlu diperluaskan dan diseimbangkan dengan sumber asing yang lain seperti Taiwan dan Jepun bagi memperkaya kefahaman mengenai istilah atau toponim LCS.

 

ABSTRACT The South China Sea (SCS) covers the land and sea area of ​​several coastal countries in Southeast Asia such as Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines and Brunei. Based on the timeline of the traditional to the modern era, the term SCS was officially used before the Second World War (WWII) period. Previously, the SCS known in the modern era used various terms referring to Western, Chinese and Local historical sources. This dynamism is an important element in explaining the history of SCS comprehensively and not bound to one perspective or source only. Among the objectives to be achieved through this paper is to explain the use of SCS terms or toponyms based on Western, Chinese, and Local sources. Second, analyze the specific factors and arguments for the use of the term SCS as an enlightenment on the history of SCS and its connection with the traditional power of China and the West. This study was completed by using a qualitative method that is to collect and analyze primary and secondary sources through preliminary maps and reports. The study found that navigation and trade, directly and indirectly, influenced the use of the term SCS based on diverse historical sources. However, this term has no connection with the issue of 'ownership' of certain powers in the Asian region. Further studies based on traditional manuscripts from Local, Arabic, Chinese, and Western sources need to be expanded and balanced with other foreign sources such as Taiwan and Japan to enrich the understanding of SCS terms or toponyms.

Author Biography

AMY AZUAN ABDULLAH

Pusat Penataran Ilmu dan Bahasa,
Jalan UMS, Universiti Malaysia Sabah,
88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

References

Albanoa, R., Mancusib, L & Abbate, A. (2017). Improving food risk analysis for effectively supporting the implementation of flood risk management plans: The case study of “Serio” Valley. Environmental Science & Policy, 75, 158-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2017.05.017.

Ang Kean Hua. (2016). Persepsi masyarakat terhadap bencana banjir monsun di Malaysia: Kajian kes Kota Bharu, Kelantan. GEOGRAFIA Online™ Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 12 Issue 9 (24 - 31) © 2016, ISSN 2180-2491.

Barry & Chorley. (1977). Atmosphere, weather and climate. Methuan.

Chan Ngai Weng. (2000). Asas kaji Iklim. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Cancado, V., Brasil, L., Nascimento, N., & Guerra, A. (2008). Flood risk assessment in an urban area: Measuring hazard and vulnerability the Manhuaçu case-study, 11th International Conference on Urban Drainage, Edinburgh, pp. 1-10. Scotland, United Kingdom.

Dickson, E., Baker, J., L., Hoornweg, D., & Tiwari, A. (2012). Urban risk assessments understanding disaster and climate risk in cities. The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433, 3-8 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8962-1.

https:earthexplorer.usgs.gov.

Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia. Fenomena cuaca. Diakses daripada www.met.gov.my pada 15 Mei 2020.

Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran (JPS). 11 Julai 2019. Taklimat Projek Rancangan Tebatan Banjir Sungai Muda Sempena Lawatan dari National Disaster Management Agency (NADMA). Pejabat Pengurusan Lembangan Sungai Muda.

Johan Aziz. (2006). Cabaran kakitangan bertugas di Stesen Hidro Tenom Pangi. Utusan Borneo (Sabah)-Temu bual Wan Zaizarenah Zaman selaku Pengurus Stesen.

Kreibich, H & Thieken, A., H. (2009). Coping with floods in The City of Dresden, Germany. Natural Hazards, 51(3), 423-436 DOI: 10.1007/s11069-007-9200-8.

Messner, F. & Meyer, V. (2005). Flood damage, vulnerability and risk perception challenges for flood damage research. UFZ Discussion Papers 13.

Mohd Aizat Shamsuddin. (20 November 2019). Monsun ingatkan tragedi Bah Kuning 2014. Berita Harian Online.

Mohd Izham Unnip Abdullah. (3 Jun 2017). 27 kawasan di Beaufort dilanda banjir. Berita Harian online.

Nur Hamiza Adenan. (2015). Analisis dan peramalan data siri masa aliran sungai dengan menggunakan pendekatan kalut. Tesis Doktor Falsafah (tidak diterbitkan).Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Nurul Shazliana. (tt). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi cuaca dan iklim di akses daripada http://www.slideshare.net pada 01 Jun 2020

Ooi SH, Samah A, Braesicke. (2013). Primary productivity and its variabilityin the Equatorial South China Sea during the Northeast Monsoon. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. Dissucion (ACPD), 21573-21608.

Sahabat Alam Malaysia. (2013). Empangan dan kesan-kesannya. Pulau Pinang: Sahabat Alam Malaysia.

Sitti Nor Azizah Talata. 24 November 2014. Beaufort Dilanda Banjir. Utusan Online.

Tarbotton. C., Dall’Osso. F., Dominey-Howes. D., & Goff. J. (2015). The use of empirical vulnerability functions to assess the response of buildings to stunsmi impact: Comparative review and summary of best practice. Earth-Science Reviews 142, 120-134.

Tincu, R., Zezere, J., L & Lazar, G. (2018). Identification of elements exposed to flood hazard in a section of Trotus River, Romania. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk. 9 (1), 950–969, Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/19475705.2018.1486891.

Try Al Tanto. (2014). Pengaruh air laut pasang dan curah hujan tinggi terhadap banjir Daerah Bungus-Kota Padang. Conference Seminar Sains Atmosfer, Indonesia.

UNISDR. (2004). Living with risk-focus on disaster risk reduction. In Living with risk: A Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiatives, 1, United Nations New York and Geneva https://doi.org/9211010640.

Wika Ristya. (2012). Kerentanan Wilayah Terhadap banjir di sebahagian cekungan Bandung. Universitas Indonesia (Tesis Sarjana).

Woro Estiningtyas, Rizaldi Boer & Agus Buono. (2009). Analisis hubungan curah hujan dengan kejadian banjir dan kekeringan pada wilayah dengan sistim usahatani berbasis padi di Propinsi Jawa Barat. Agromet 23 (1), 11-19.

Yamane. (1967). Statistics: An introductory analysis. Harper And Row.

Published

2023-12-31

How to Cite

AMY AZUAN ABDULLAH. (2023). TOPONIM KEPULAUAN LAUT CHINA SELATAN: SATU PEMERHATIAN AWAL MENGENAI ISTILAHNYA DALAM SUMBER SEJARAH: TOPONYMS OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA: A PRELIMINARY OBSERVATION ON THEIR TERMINOLOGY IN HISTORICAL SOURCES. Jurnal Kinabalu, 29. Retrieved from https://jurcon.ums.edu.my/ojums/index.php/ejk/article/view/2457
Total Views: 62