MENUJU PENGURUSAN KELESTARIAN E-SISA: ULASAN
TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE E-WASTE MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW
Keywords:
E-sisa, pengurusan E-sisa, matlamat pembangunan lestari, kesedaran awam, E-waste, sustainable development goals, environmental sustainabilityAbstract
Abstrak – Berdasarkan Laporan Monitor Aliran E-sisa Transboundary Global 2022, jangkaan penjanaan sisa elektronik (e-sisa) di seluruh dunia akan meningkat kepada 74.7 juta tan metrik menjelang tahun 2030, dengan peningkatan purata sebanyak 2 juta tan metrik setiap tahun. Walau bagaimanapun, masalah peningkatan kuantiti e-sisa bukanlah perkara baru, kerana ia berkait rapat dengan perubahan dalam teknologi dan pertumbuhan pesat penduduk yang juga turut menyumbang kepada peningkatan ini. Di Malaysia, jumlah e-sisa yang dikumpulkan pada tahun 2022 adalah sebanyak 2657.83 tan metrik, yang mewakili peningkatan sebanyak 198.32 tan metrik berbanding tahun sebelumnya. Laporan ini telah menimbulkan kebimbangan di kalangan pelbagai pihak, disebabkan bertambahnya timbunan e-sisa dari hari ke hari. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti isu berkaitan pengurusan e-sisa dan langkah-langkah untuk mengatasi isu-isu tersebut khususnya di Malaysia. Mengatasi isu-isu seperti kesan sosial dan persekitaran adalah penting dalam usaha mencapai matlamat pembangunan lestari (SDG), termasuk matlamat untuk bandar dan komuniti mampan (matlamat 11), pengeluaran dan penggunaan yang bertanggungjawab (matlamat 12) menjelang tahun 2030. Metodologi penyelidikan yang digunakan memerlukan menjalankan tinjauan sorotan yang komprehensif, melibatkan penilaian dan sintesis penemuan daripada pelbagai sumber yang berwibawa. Ini termasuk buku saintifik, artikel jurnal ilmiah, kertas seminar atau persidangan, laporan rasmi kerajaan dan laman sesawang yang bereputasi. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa peningkatan kuantiti e-sisa secara global, khususnya Malaysia disebabkan oleh kekurangan peraturan yang menyeluruh, infrastruktur e-sisa yang tidak mencukupi, serta kesedaran yang kurang di kalangan orang awam.
Abstract - The Global Transboundary E-waste Flow Monitor Report 2022 estimates that electronic waste (e-waste) production will increase by an average of 2 million metric tonnes per year until 2030, reaching 74.7 million metric tonnes. Nevertheless, the issue of escalating e-waste volume is not a novel one; rather, it is intricately linked to technological advancements and the exponential expansion of the human population, both of which contribute to this development. The quantity of electronic waste accumulated in Malaysia in 2022 is 2,657.83 metric tonnes, an increase of 198.32 metric tonnes from the previous year. This report has engendered apprehension among diverse stakeholders on account of the escalating accumulation of electronic refuse on a daily basis. Consequently, this study's objective is to identify the issue regarding the e-waste management and steps to overcome the issues of e-waste especially in Malaysia. In order to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs), including the objectives for Sustainable Cities and Communities (goal 11) and Responsible Consumption and Production (goal 12) by 2030, it is critical to address social and environmental impacts. The employed research methodology necessitates the execution of an exhaustive spotlight survey, which entails the assessment and integration of results obtained from a diverse range of reputable sources. Scientific books, scholarly journal articles, seminar or conference papers, official government reports, and reputable websites are all examples of such materials. According to this study, the rise in electronic refuse (e-waste) volume worldwide, with Malaysia being particularly affected, can be attributed to inadequate e-waste infrastructure, insufficient comprehensive regulations, and public ignorance
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