PENGLIBATAN KOMUNITI ETNIK DALAM PELANCONGAN BUDAYA: SATU TINJAUAN LITERATUR
THE INVOLVEMENT OF ETHNIC COMMUNITIES IN CULTURAL TOURISM: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Keywords:
Komuniti, etnik, pelancongan budaya, penglibatan etnik, Communities, ethnic, cultural tourism, ethnic involvement.Abstract
ABSTRAK Pelancongan budaya merupakan segmen pelancongan global yang pesat membangun malah memberi impak ekonomi dan sosial kepada sesebuah lokasi yang menerima kunjungan pelancong. Pelancongan berasaskan etnik pula pada masa kini sangat memberi manfaat kepada pihak yang terlibat dan berkepentingan kerana menyumbang kepada perkembangan sosial, ekonomi dan politik di kawasan yang terlibat. Penglibatan etnik dalam pelancongan budaya memainkan peranan penting dalam mempromosikan warisan budaya dan memperkayakan pengalaman pelancongan. Artikel ini meninjau literatur yang berkaitan dengan penglibatan etnik dalam pelancongan budaya, dengan tujuan untuk memahami sumbangan komuniti etnik terhadap industri pelancongan dan impak pelancongan terhadap komuniti tersebut. Kajian ini juga membincangkan pelbagai aspek seperti motivasi komuniti etnik untuk terlibat dalam pelancongan budaya, manfaat ekonomi dan sosial yang diperoleh, serta cabaran yang dihadapi. Selain itu, kajian ini meneliti isu-isu berkaitan pemeliharaan dan komersialisasi budaya etnik, serta peranan pelancongan dalam memelihara atau mengancam identiti budaya. Melalui tinjauan ini, diharapkan dapat memberi gambaran yang lebih jelas mengenai hubungan dinamik antara pelancongan budaya dan komuniti etnik, serta cadangan untuk mempromosikan penglibatan etnik yang lebih mampan dalam sektor ini.
ABSTRACT Cultural tourism is a rapidly growing segment of global tourism that has significant economic and social impacts on the locations that attract tourists. In particular, ethnic tourism offers substantial benefits to stakeholders and contributes to social, economic and political development in affected areas. The involvement of ethnic communities in cultural tourism plays a vital role in promoting cultural heritage and enriching the tourist experience. This article reviews the literature related to the participation of ethnic communities in cultural tourism in order to understand the contribution of these communities to the tourism industry and the impacts of tourism on them. The study also discusses various aspects including the motivations of ethnic communities to engage in cultural tourism, the economic and social benefits they receive and the challenges they face. In addition, the study addresses issues related to the preservation and commercialization of ethnic culture, as well as the role of tourism in maintaining or threatening cultural identity. Through this review, we hope to provide a clearer understanding of the dynamic relationship between cultural tourism and ethnic communities, as well as recommendations to promote more sustainable engagement of ethnic groups in the sector.
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