TRANSFORMATION OF LOCAL MOVEMENTS TO TRANSNATIONAL: THE ROLE OF PANDAWARA IN EFFORTS TO COMBAT PLASTIC WASTE IN MARINE

Abstract

Environmental issues, particularly plastic waste pollution in marine ecosystems, have become a global concern. This study explores the transformation of Pandawara, a local environmental movement in Indonesia, into a transnational advocacy initiative. Pandawara has effectively utilized digital platforms, particularly social media, to raise awareness, mobilize public participation, and establish collaborations with international environmental organizations. Using the concepts of productive power by Barnett and Duvall, as well as the Transnational Advocacy Network (TAN) and Transnational Social Movement (TSM) approaches in International Relations, this research analyzes how Pandawara has evolved beyond its local context. The study employs a descriptive-analytical method based on literature review and digital content analysis. Findings indicate that Pandawara's strategies—comprising field actions, community education, and digital campaigning—have successfully engaged a global audience. Collaborations with foreign NGOs and participation in international environmental programs highlight the movement’s growing transnational impact. However, challenges remain in policy advocacy, as Pandawara has yet to influence governmental regulations. This study contributes to understanding how grassroots environmental movements can leverage digital activism to achieve transnational influence. Strengthening policy engagement and expanding global partnerships are recommended to enhance Pandawara’s long-term sustainability as a transnational environmental movement.