DETERMINANTS OF CONSUMER PREFERENCE FOR GOLD-I INVESTMENT: A MALAYSIAN CASE STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/mjbe.v12i1.6578Keywords:
Gold-i investment, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Malaysia, Religiosity, KnowledgeAbstract
This study examines the application of the extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) in influencing consumer decisions to invest in Gold-i, a Shariah-compliant product that enables participation in the metals market, with returns generated from capital appreciation. Employing a quantitative research methodology, data were gathered through an online survey of 216 Malaysian consumers using convenience sampling. The analysis was conducted using multiple regression techniques with SPSS version 28. Results indicate a significant correlation between the intention to invest in Gold-i and factors such as attitude and knowledge, while subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and religiosity were not significant predictors. The study, limited to a cross-sectional design and focused on Malaysian consumers, offers valuable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and investors. The findings provide a foundational understanding for Islamic financial institutions seeking to enhance their interventions and strategies. Moreover, this research contributes to the sparse literature on Gold-i investment in Malaysia, serving as a reference for future studies. As one of the first empirical investigations in this domain, this study is anticipated to encourage further research into the determinants of Gold-i investment behaviour among Malaysian consumers.
References
Abduh, M., Duasa, J. & Omar, M.A. (2011). Factors influence depositors’ withdrawal behaviour in Islamic banks: A theory of reasoned action. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 60, 2074-2079.
Abduh, M., & Hussin, T. M. T. T. (2018). Factors influence intention to opt for Islamic investment schemes among market players. Global Review of Islamic Economics and Business, 6(2), 91–102
Ahmad Razimi, M. S., Romle, A. R., & Azizan, K. A. (2017). An Understanding of Shariah Issues on Gold Investment: A Review. Asian Journal of Business Management Studies, 8(1), 9–12. https://idosi.org/ajbms/8(1)17/3.pdf
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211
Ajzen, I. (2005) Attitudes, Personality, and Behaviour, 2nd edn. Milton-Keynes, UK: Open University Press/McGraw-Hill.
Ajzen, I., Fishbein, M., Lohmann, S., & Albarracín, D. (2018). The influence of attitudes on behaviour. The handbook of attitudes, 197-255.
Akhtar, F., & Das, N. (2019). Predictors of investment intention in Indian stock markets: Extending the theory of planned behaviour. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 37(1), 97–119. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-08-2017-0167
Alfianto, A. N., & Nugroho, A. P. (2020, October). The Impact of Islamic Finance Knowledge and Religiosity on Gold Investment Behaviour: An Extended of The Theory of Planned Behaviour. In ICBAE 2020: Proceedings of the 2nd InternationalConference of Business, Accounting and Economics, ICBAE 2020, 5-6 August 2020, Purwokerto, Indonesia (p. 64). European Alliance for Innovation.
Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta analytic review. British journal of social psychology, 40(4), 471-499.
Barman, A. (2014). Investment in Gold -- Businesses Along the Symbolic Interpretation in Asia. SSRN Electronic Journal, April. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2458815
Bartlett, M. S. (1950). "Tests of significance in factor analysis. ." British Journal of Psychology 3(2): 77-85.
Bergan, A., & McConatha, J. T. (2001). Montessori methods yield cognitive gains in alzheimer’s day cares. Activities, Adaptation and Aging, 24(3), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1300/J016v24n03_01
Chang, C. L., Della Chang, J. C., & Huang, Y. W. (2013). Dynamic price integration in the global gold market. North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 26, 227–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2013.02.002
Chakrabarty, K.C. (2012). RBI advises against gold investment, Times Of India, Sep 7, 2012, Source Available at: http:// timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india business/RBIadvises -against-gold -investment/ articles how/ 16290720.cms
Chiou, J. S. (2000). Antecedents and moderators of behavioural intention: Differences between US and Taiwanese students. Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs, 126(1), 105.
Conner, M., & Armitage, C. J. (1998). Extending the theory of planned behaviour: A review and avenues for further research. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(15), 1429–1464. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01685.x
Deb, M. (2018). Store attributes, relationship investment, culture, religiosity and relationship quality: A cross-cultural study. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 46(7), 615–637. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-10-2017-0225
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behaviour: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Goel, S., Dwivedi, S., & Jain, N. (2019). Islamic principles as a predictor of investment behaviour of Muslim investors in Delhi/NCR. IITM Journal of Management and IT, 10(2), 21-29.
Gopi, M., and T. Ramayah. 2007. Applicability of theory of planned behaviour in predicting intention to trade online: Some evidence from a developing country. International Journal of Emerging Mar- kets 2 (4): 348–360. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1108/ 17468 80071 08245 09.
Hair, J., R. Anderson, et al. (1995a). Multivariate data analysis. New Jersey, Prentice Hall Inc.
Hegner, S.M., A. Fenko, and A. Teravest. 2017. Using the theory of planned behaviour to understand brand love. Journal of Product and Brand Management 26 (1): 26–41. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1108/ JPBM- 06- 2016- 1215.
Hess, D. W. (2012). The impact of religiosity on personal financial decisions. Journal of Religion & Society, 14, 1–13
Huang, X., & Ge, J. (2019). Electric vehicle development in Beijing: An analysis of consumer purchase intention. Journal of Cleaner Production, 216, 361–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.231
Imone (2013). Choose gold for a stable form of investment in Singapore. Url: http://www.imoney.sg/articles/choose-goldfor-a-stable-form-of-investment-in singapore-2/
Jain, S., Khan, M. N., & Mishra, S. (2017). Understanding consumer behaviour regarding luxury fashion goods in India based on the theory of planned behaviour. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 11(1), 4–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-08-2015-0118
Jamaludin, N. (2013). Religion and individual investment choice decision: The case of Malaysia. International Journal of Social Science, 4 (1), 104–113.
Laohapensang, O. (2009). Factors influencing internet shopping behaviour: A survey of consumers in Thailand. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 13(4), 501–513. https://doi.org/10.1108/13612020910991367
Mahdzan, N. S., Zainudin, R., Hashim, R. C., & Sulaiman, N. A. (2017). Islamic religiosity and portfolio allocation: The Malaysian context. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 10 (3), 434–452.
Maichum, K., Parichatnon, S., & Peng, K.-C. (2016). Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour Model to Investigate Purchase Intention of Green Products among Thai Consumers. Sustainability, 8(10), 1077. November 2017), 215–231. https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol13no1.184
Muhamad, R., Devi, S. S., & Mu’min, A. A. (2006). Religiosity and the malay Muslim investors in Malaysia: An analysis on some aspects of ethical investment decision. Advances in Global Business Research, 3(1), 197-206.
Octarina, E., Hartoyo, H., & Beik, I. S. (2019). Customer purchase intention on sharia mutual fund products: a tpb approach. Journal of Consumer Sciences, 4(1), 37.
Pellinen, A., Törmäkangas, K., Uusitalo, O., & Munnukka, J. (2015). Beliefs affecting additional investment intentions of mutual fund clients. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 20(1), 62–73. https://doi.org/10.1057/fsm.2014.32
Ramayah, T., Rouibah, K., Gopi, M., & Rangel, G. J. (2009). A decomposed theory of reasoned action to explain intention to use Internet stock trading among Malaysian investors. Computers in Human Behaviour, 25(6), 1222-1230.
Rudarakanchana, N. (2014). Gold demand : Western investors flee in record amounts, Asian consumers attracted by price plunges : World Gold Council, International Business Times, Url: http://www.ibtimes.com/gold-demand-westerninvestors-flee-record-amounts-asian-consumersattracted-price-plunges-world-gold
Shrestha, N. (2021). Factor analysis as a tool for survey analysis. American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 9(1), 4-11.
Saunders, M. N., & Townsend, K. (2018). Choosing participants. In C. Cassell, A. L. Cunliffe, & G. Grandy (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative business and management research methods (pp. 480-494). Sage.
Syukor, H. (2009). Bagaimana membuat pelaburan emas di Malaysia [How to make gold investment in Malaysia]. Paper presented at International Seminar on Generating Economics through Transactions of Dinar Currency 2009: Dinars as an Alternative Today and Future. Bangi, 27 August.
Tabachnick, B. G. and L. S. Fidell (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Needham Heights, MA, Allyn & Bacon.
The National (2014). Middle East and Asia lead a hungry consumer market for gold, Url: http://www.thenational.ae/business/ industry-insights/markets/middle-east-and-asia lead-ahungry-consumer-market-for-gold#ixzz34Ue17PnW
Thu Ha, N., & Gizaw, A. (2014). Factors that Influence Consumer Purchasing Decisions of Private Label Food Products.
Verghese, J., & Chin, P. N. (2022). Factors affecting investors’ intention to purchase gold and silver bullion: evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 27(1), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-021-00092-2
Vitell, S. J. (2009). The role of religiosity in business and consumer ethics: A review of the literature. Journal of Business Ethics, 90(SUPPL. 2), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0382-8
Wang, S., Wang, J., Yang, F., Wang, Y., & Li, J. (2018). Consumer familiarity, ambiguity tolerance, and purchase behaviour toward remanufactured products: The implications for remanufacturers. Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(8), 1741–1750. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2240
Yadav, R., & Pathak, G. S. (2016). Young consumers' intention towards buying green products in a developing nation: Extending the theory of planned behaviour. Journal of Cleaner Production, 135, 732-739.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 © Universiti Malaysia Sabah

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

CCBY (Attribution)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© Universiti Malaysia Sabah 2025
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, stored in a database or retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, graphic, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Universiti Malaysia Sabah Press, except as permitted by Act 332, Malaysian Copyright Act of 1987. Permission of rights is subjected to the journal.