Black Soldier Fly as a Sustainable Solution for Converting Slaughterhouse Waste into Compost: Influence of Feed Composition and Larvae Quantity

Abstract

Slaughterhouses play a crucial role in food security but generate substantial organic waste, including rumen content and cattle dung, which contributes to environmental pollution. Bioconversion using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae offers a promising approach for transforming slaughterhouse waste into nutrient-rich kasgot. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of BSF larval bioconversion in reducing slaughterhouse waste and assessed the quality of the resulting kasgot. The experiment was conducted at the laboratory scale for 15 days, with each reactor containing 400 seven-day-old BSF larvae. Feed composition varied according to rumen-to-cattle dung ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 50:50, and 0:100 (w/w). The feed quantities used were 60, 80, and 100 mg/larvae/day. The results showed that a feed composition of 100% rumen and feed quantity of 100 mg/larvae/day provided optimum results, with a total waste reduction of 78.6%, an Efficiency of Conversion of Digested Food (ECD) of 8.7%, and a total larval growth of 21.71 g. The resulting kasgot met Indonesian standards for solid organic fertiliser, with C-organic, total N, and the C/N ratio ranging from 20.5–38.9%, 1.79–1.92%, and 10.89–20.86, respectively. These findings demonstrate that BSF larvae have strong potential and provide a basis for optimising the composting process as a sustainable waste transformation method.