Correlation between Serum Magnesium Levels and HbA1C in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background and Objective: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease resulting from a
complex inheritance, environmental interaction along with risk factors such as obesity and
sedentary life style. Magnesium has been stated to have potential role in improving insulin
sensitivity and preventing diabetes related complications. Hypomagnesaemia is proposed as one
of the factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. The aim of our study is to estimate
the correlation between serum Magnesium levels and the level of Glycemic control (HbA1c) in
patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Methods: This is an observational study conducted in SVRRGGH and SVMC, Tirupati, Andhra
Pradesh which included 94 patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus of more than 5 years duration.
These patients were divided into 2 groups based on level of Diabetic control. Group A included
30 patients with HbA1c below 7.0mg/dL (good glycemic control) and Group B included 64
patients with HbA1c above 7.0mg/dL (poor glycemic control). In both the groups Serum
Magnesium levels were estimated.
Results: Mean Serum Magnesium levels in Group A was 2.280±0.3955mg/dL while in Group B
it was 2.087±0.5834 mg/dL with a p-value 0.0379 (<0.05) which is statistically significant. In
our study though the mean values of serum Magnesium are within normal reference range, mean
values of serum Magnesium levels in patients with poor glycemic control(HbA1c>7.0) are
statistically low as compared to patients with good glycemic control (HbA1c <7.0).
Discussion: It has been reported that Serum Magnesium levels are lower in uncontrolled
diabetics when compared to controlled diabetics and also serum magnesium levels vary with
treatment for diabetes. In our study, although the mean values of serum magnesium in both
groups are within Normal reference range (1.7-2.2mg/dL), they are statistically low in group
with poor glycemic control (HbA1c >7.0mg/dL) when to group with good glycemic control
(HbA1c< 7.0mg/dL).Thus this gives an insight into the association of hypomagnesaemia and
level of diabetic control.
Conclusion: This effective comparative study of deals with varying Magnesium levels in
specific diabetic therapies and analysed the effect of urinary magnesium detected in
Hypermagnesuria with Magnesium supplementation.