Factors Influencing Cholera Vaccination Effectiveness In Africa and Bangladesh: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Cholera remains a significant global public health challenge, particularly in areas with inadequate sanitation and water resources. Vaccination plays a critical role in addressing cholera outbreaks, but various factors can influence its effectiveness. This scoping review, with its potential to identify and analyse the key determinants affecting the effectiveness of cholera vaccination campaigns in Africa and Bangladesh, could significantly impact public health policies. The study aims to provide actionable insights into optimising cholera vaccine effectiveness, a goal of utmost importance and relevance to public health. We extensively searched electronic databases to locate relevant studies published from January 2020 to June 2024, ensuring that we included the most recent and up-to-date research. Our search covered databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect. Our specific focus was on primary studies that examined the factors affecting the efficacy of cholera vaccination, particularly in areas where cholera is prevalent. The review encompassed eight articles examining costs, vaccine dosages, booster shots, age at vaccination, timeliness of vaccination, and vaccination coverage. The findings emphasise the importance of these factors in determining vaccine effectiveness and the need for targeted interventions to enhance sustained protection against cholera. Optimizing the cholera vaccine's effectiveness requires a comprehensive approach that addresses cost considerations, adherence to vaccine schedules, precise timing of vaccination, and achieving high vaccination coverage. The insights from this scoping review will inform future efforts in controlling cholera, especially regarding cholera vaccination campaigns.