Gender disparities, hyperglycemia and their association with atherogenic biomarkers

Abstract

Atherogenic index (AI) and coronary risk index (CRI) are potential biomarkers reflecting atherosclerosis which is a main aetiology of ischemic heart disease.  Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis causing endothelial injury which is the initiation of athrogenesis. Cardiovascular disese (CVD) risk is significant associated with high AI in which coronary artery events were documented. Predictive values of AIP for CVD risk is more pronounced in the presence of any components of metabolic syndrome such as hyperglycemia and in male gender when compared to females. This study associate the atherogenic index (AI) and coronary risk index (CRI) between status of genders and the hyperglycemia.. It was a laboratory based study and a hundred volunteer adult subjects participated after giving informed consent. General proforma was used to collect subjects’ demographic data. Blood samples (5.0 mL) was collected in plain tubes from the subjects after overnight fast. Serum was isolated into dry plain plastic screw-capped containers and stored frozen-20°C prior to analyses. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (Tg), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and fasting glucose concentrations were determined by chemical analyser. Atherogenic index is calculated as log (TG/HDL–C) and the Coronary risk index calculated as CRI=TC/HDL-C. There were 52 (51.5%) males and 48 (48.5%) females in this study. For the AI, there were statistically significant mean differences between genders (p-value < 0.001) and diabetes status (p-value = 0.039). As for CRI, only gender (p-value < 0.001) showed a statistically significant mean difference. Hence, we conclude that there is a significant mean difference between males and females for both AI and CRI. As for the other health status, only the status of  diabetes mellitus was found to have a significant mean difference for AI. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that both AI and CRI differ significantly by gender, with males showing higher values, while diabetes status was independently associated with AI. These findings emphasize the relevance of gender- and diabetes-specific consideration in evaluating coronary artery disease risk.