Computer Vision Syndrome in University Students: A Narrative Review of Prevalence, Pathophysiology, and Management Strategies

Abstract

Background: Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), or Digital Eye Strain, involves vision-related problems from prolonged uses of digital screens. The severity of its symptoms, which include ocular fatigue, headaches, blurred vision, dry eyes, and neck and shoulder pain, often correlates with screen time duration. Objectives: This narrative review examines the prevalence, consequences, and mitigation strategies for CVS among university students, a population particularly vulnerable due to their extensive reliance on digital devices for academic and leisure activities. Methods: search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The search focused on peer-reviewed articles published in English using keywords like “Computer Vision Syndrome,” “Digital Eye Strain,” “university students,” and “prevalence.” Results: The literature indicates a high prevalence of CVS among students, which rates often exceeding 70%. Key contributing factors include prolonged screen duration, improper workstation ergonomics, inadequate lighting, and uncorrected vision problems. Effective interventions include ergonomic adjustments, adherence to regular visual breaks like the 20-20-20 rule, proper eye care, and the use of computer glasses. Conclusion: CVS is a significantly and highly prevalent occupational health issue among university students that can negatively impact academic performance and quality of life. This review serves as an essential tool for educators and healthcare practitioners by consolidating evidence on effective prevention and management. Future research prioritizes longitudinal studies to tract CVS progression, intervention-based trials to compare management strategies, and deeper investigations into the psychological impacts of chronic CVS symptoms.