PENEROKAAN DAN PEMBENTUKAN INSTRUMEN PETUNJUK KUALITI HIDUP PERUMAHAN AWAM BAGI MISKIN BANDAR
EXPLORING AND DEVELOPING AN QUALITY-OF-LIFE INSTRUMENT FOR URBAN POOR PUBLIC HOUSING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/ejk.v28i1.3684Keywords:
Penerokaan, Kualiti hidup, miskin bandar, perumahan awam, Exploratory, quality of life, urban poor, public housingAbstract
Merujuk kepada kajian literatur semasa, pelbagai kajian mengenai kualiti hidup di perumahan awam telah dibuat tetapi kebanyakan kajian ini menggunakan domain dan petunjuk kualiti hidup yang berbeza. Dalam masa yang sama sehingga sekarang, didapati wujud kekurangan instrumen kualiti hidup yang khusus bagi perumahan awam bagi golongan miskin bandar. Keperluan untuk menjalankan kajian bagi membentuk satu instrumen kualiti hidup khusus perumahan awam semakin ketara apabila isu yang mampu untuk menganggu gugat pertumbuhan hidup penghuni berlaku seperti kewujudan masalah sosial, ketidakpuashatian penduduk dan tekanan perumahan. Kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk membentuk instrumen petunjuk kualiti hidup perumahan awam bagi miskin bandar. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan kaedah tinjauan. Bagi tujuan kajian ini, sebanyak 48 orang responden telah dipilih iaitu mereka yang menyewa rumah di bawah program penyewaan perumahan awam dalam daerah Kota Kinabalu. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat sebanyak tujuh konstruk kualiti hidup telah dikenal pasti iaitu alam bina, psikologi, alam sekitar, keselamatan, hubungan sosial, estetika dan pemerkasaan dan penglibatan. Walaupun begitu, daripada 36 item petunjuk kualiti hidup yang dikenal pasti, hanya 27 item dikekalkan, manakala 9 item lagi telah digugurkan. Instrumen kajian yang dibentuk juga mempunyai nilai kebolehpercayaan dalaman item yang tinggi di mana nilai α yang terendah ialah 0.842 (Domain Alam Bina) dan yang tertinggi ialah 0.911 (Pemerkasaan dan Penglibatan). Berdasarkan hasil kajian ini, pengkaji telah mendapati bahawa kualiti hidup penduduk di perumahan awam adalah bersifat multidomain dan sebarang usaha peningkatan kualiti hidup hendaklah tidak fokus kepada pembaikan ke atas segmen tertentu sahaja dalam hidup. Hasil kajian ini juga dapat digunakan sebagai rujukan pembangunan perumahan awam sama ada oleh pihak kerajaan ataupun swasta.
A recent literature review shows that a lot of studies had been conducted regarding the quality of life but most of them used a different set of domains and indicators. At the same time, there is a limited number of instruments developed specifically for urban poor public housing. The need to conduct research to develop a specific quality of life instrument for urban poor in public housing becomes more apparent when issues such as social problems, residents’ dissatisfaction and housing stress arise. This study aims to identify the quality of life domain and indicator for urban poor public housing. This study uses a quantitative approach using the survey technique. For this study, respondents had been selected comprise of renters under public housing renting program in the district of Kota Kinabalu. The study findings revealed that there are seven constructs explaining the quality of life for urban poor public housing, which is built environment, psychology, environment, safety, social relationship, aesthetic and empowerment and participation. Despite that, out of the 36 quality of life indicators only 27 indicators were retained meanwhile the other 9 is dropped. The developed research instrument also has a very good internal reliability where the lowest α (Alpha Cronbach) is 0.842 (Build Environment Domain) and the highest is 0.911 (Empowerment and Participation). Based on the results of this study, researchers had found that the residents’ quality of life in public housing is multi-domain in nature and any effort to improve quality of life should not focus on a certain domain only. The results of this study also can be used as a reference when developing public housing either by the public or private sector.
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