ACTION RESEARCH ON PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES IN ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/ijelp.v9i1.7019Keywords:
Pedagogy, learning and teaching, constructive alignment, engineering mathematics education, planning for teachingAbstract
Action research explores and improves pedagogy in an engineering mathematics unit through iterative inquiry and reflection. Compared to the traditional teacher-centred approach, learner-centred pedagogy fosters a more collaborative learning environment. However, limited studies have examined reflective practice in learner-centred pedagogy within higher education, particularly in engineering. This paper presents a reflective practice and action research approach implemented in an engineering mathematics unit, emphasising scholarly teaching, constructive alignment, and active collaborative learning to enhance student engagement. In 2024, a spaced retrieval practice was introduced to improve assessment pass rates. Fisher’s Exact Test results indicated no statistically significant differences in midterm test pass rates between Semester 1 2024, Semester 1 2023, and Semester 2 2023 at the 5% significance level. However, statistically significant differences were observed in final exam pass rates. The findings highlight that integrating reflective practice with three key elements, scholarly teaching strategies grounded in constructive alignment for effective lesson planning, collaborative learning methods to promote engagement and inclusivity, and intentional development of a cohesive teaching style combining these frameworks, can improve both instructor effectiveness and student outcomes. This study contributes to the understanding of learner-centred pedagogy in engineering education and demonstrates the value of iterative inquiry and evidence-based reflection in enhancing learning experiences and academic performance.
References
Abd Karim, R., Abu, A. G., & Khaja, F. N. M. (2016). Brainstorming approach and mind mapping in writing activity. Paper presented at the Proceedings of English Education International Conference. http://www.eeic.unsyiah.ac.id/proceedings/index.php/eeic/article/view/83.
Adeyemi, B., & Adesola, S. (2021). Relative effectiveness of brainstorming and concept mapping instructional strategies on lower primary school pupils’ learning outcomes in social studies in Ondo State. Asian Journal of Sociological Research, 4(2), 1-23.
International Journal of E-Learning Practices (IJELP) Vol. 9, 2026. Penerbit UMS 2026 11
Alam, R., Srivastava, A., & Patel, H. D. (2025). Categorical variable analyses: Chi-square, Fisher exact, and Mantel–Haenszel. In Translational Urology (pp. 115-120): Elsevier.
Briggs, C. L. (2007). Curriculum collaboration: A key to continuous program renewal. The Journal of Higher Education, 78(6), 676-711. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2007.11772076.
Cess-Newsome, J. (1999). Secondary teachers’ knowledge and beliefs about subject matter and their impact on instruction. In Examining pedagogical content knowledge (pp. 51-94): Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47217-1_3.
Cotton, D. R., Warren, M. F., Maiboroda, O., & Bailey, I. (2007). Sustainable development, higher education and pedagogy: a study of lecturers' beliefs and attitudes. Environmental Education Research, 13(5), 579-597. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620701659061.
Donkoh, S., & Amoakwah, A. (2024). The use and challenges of learner-centered pedagogy: Basic school teachers’ perspective. European Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 5(1), 66-71. https://www.doi.org/10.24018/ejedu.2024.5.1.774.
du Plessis, A. (2016). Student-Teachers' pedagogical beliefs: Learner-centred or teacher-centred when using ICT in the science classroom? . Journal of Baltic Science Education, 15(2), 140-158.
Filgona, J., Filgona, J., Sababa, L. K., & Ndatuwong, L. G. (2016). Effects of concept mapping and brainstorming instructional strategies on junior secondary school students’ achievement in social studies in Mubi Educational Zone, Nigeria. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 18(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJESBS/2016/29057.
Fisher, J. M., & Walker, R. W. (2014). A new age approach to an age old problem: using simulation to teach geriatric medicine to medical students. Age and Ageing, 43(3), 424-428. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/aft200.
Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed (Vol. 2007). New York: The Continnum International Publishing Group Inc.
Germain-Rutherford, A., & Kerr, B. (2008). An inclusive approach to online learning environments: Models and resources. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education 9(2), 64-85.
Graham, S., Harris, K. R., & Reid, R. (1992). Developing self-regulated learners. Focus on Exceptional Children, 24(6), 1-16.
Gregory, A., Clawson, K., Davis, A., & Gerewitz, J. (2016). The promise of restorative practices to transform teacher-student relationships and achieve equity in school discipline. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 26(4), 325-353. https://doi.org/10.1080/10474412.2014.929950.
Hägg, G., & Kurczewska, A. (2020). Guiding the student entrepreneur–Considering the emergent adult within the pedagogy–andragogy continuum in entrepreneurship education. Education+ Training, 62(7/8), 759-777. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-03-2020-0069.
Jaiswal, P. (2019). Using constructive alignment to foster teaching learning processes. English Language Teaching, 12(6), 10-23. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n6p10.
Kapp, A. (1833a). Platon's Erziehungslehre als P" adagokik f" ur die Einzelnen und als Staatsp" adagokik, oder, Dessen praktische Philosophie: Essmann.
Kapp, A. (1833b). Platon's Erziehungslehre, als Pädagogik für die Einzelnen und als Staatspädagogik. Oder dessen praktische Philosophie aus den Quellen dargestellt von Alexander Kapp: F. Essmann.
Katawazai, R. (2021). Implementing outcome-based education and student-centered learning in Afghan public universities: the current practices and challenges. Heliyon, 7(5), e07076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07076.
Knowles, M. S. (1975). Self-directed learning: A guide for learners and teachers.
International Journal of E-Learning Practices (IJELP) Vol. 9, 2026. Penerbit UMS 2026 12
Kumaravadivelu, B. (2012). Language teacher education for a global society: A modular model for knowing, analyzing, recognizing, doing, and seeing. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203832530.
Li, Y.-D., Ding, G.-H., & Zhang, C.-Y. (2021). Effects of learner-centred education on academic achievement: a meta-analysis. Educational Studies, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2021.1940874.
Macfarlane, B. (2016). The performative turn in the assessment of student learning: A rights perspective. Teaching in Higher Education, 21(7), 839-853. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2016.1183623.
Magolda, M. B. B. (1992). Students' epistemologies and academic experiences: implications for pedagogy. The Review of Higher Education, 15(3), 265-287. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.1992.0013.
Martin, F., Ritzhaupt, A., Kumar, S., & Budhrani, K. (2019). Award-winning faculty online teaching practices: Course design, assessment and evaluation, and facilitation. The Internet and Higher Education, 42, 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2019.04.001.
Meyer, H. (2004). Novice and expert teachers' conceptions of learners' prior knowledge. Science Teacher Education, 88(6), 970-983. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.20006.
Msonde, S. E. (2023). Revisiting the idea of learner-centered pedagogy: The theoretical perspective. Journal of Education, 203(2), 468-478. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220574211031970.
Ozdamli, F., & Asiksoy, G. (2016). Flipped classroom approach. World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues, 8(2), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.18844/wjet.v8i2.640.
Roache, J. E., & Lewis, R. (2011). The carrot, the stick, or the relationship: what are the effective disciplinary strategies? European Journal of Teacher Education, 34(2), 233-248. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2010.542586.
Shing, C. L., Saat, R. M., & Loke, S. H. (2018). The knowledge of teaching–pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). The Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Science, 3(3), 40-55.
Sim, M.-A., & Pop, A.-M. (2012). Mind mapping and brainstorming as methods of teaching business concepts in English as a foreign language. Academica Science Journal, Psychologica Series(1), 75-83.
Smith, D. C., & Neale, D. C. (1989). The construction of subject matter knowledge in primary science teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 5(1), 1-20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-051X(89)90015-2.
Spencer, D., Riddle, M., & Knewstubb, B. (2012). Curriculum mapping to embed graduate capabilities. Higher Education Research Development, 31(2), 217-231. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2011.554387.
Valtonen, T., Kukkonen, J., & Wulff, A. (2006). High school teachers' course designs and their professional knowledge of online teaching. Informatics in Education - An International Journal, 5(2), 301-316.
Wallin, P., & Adawi, T. (2018). The reflective diary as a method for the formative assessment of self-regulated learning. European Journal of Engineering Education, 43(4), 507-521. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2017.1290585.
Wan Sieng, Y., Mary Jenny Tiing, L., Nor, F. M., & Agus, S. (2025). Unlocking learning potential: ai-driven spaced retrieval for enhanced pedagogy. Paper presented at the International Conference on Higher Education Learning and Teaching 2024 (ICHELT2024), Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
Willis, J. (2021). A framework for task-based learning. Birmingham: Intrinsic Books Ltd.
International Journal of E-Learning Practices (IJELP) Vol. 9, 2026. Penerbit UMS 2026 13
Wolhuter, C., Janmaat, J. G., van der Walt, J. H. L., & Potgieter, F. J. (2020). The role of the school in inculcating citizenship values in South Africa: Theoretical and international comparative perspectives. South African Journal of Education, 40(2), S1-S11. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v40ns2a1782.
ŽivkoviĿ, S. J. (2016). A model of critical thinking as an important attribute for success in the 21st century. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 232, 102-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.034.