Enhancing the Efficiency of Phytochemical Extraction from Artocarpus odoratissimus and Baccaurea lanceolata Using Glycerol-Water Systems: Phytochemicals of A. odoratissimus and B. lanceolata

Nur Syafiqah  RIZALMAN; Monjia Belleza Cosmas  MOJULAT; Wei-Hsiang  TAN; Noumie  SURUGAU

doi:10.51200/jtbc.v23i.6825

Authors

Nur Syafiqah RIZALMAN Industrial Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, UMS Road, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Monjia Belleza Cosmas MOJULAT Industrial Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, UMS Road, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Wei-Hsiang TAN Industrial Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, UMS Road, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Noumie SURUGAU Industrial Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, UMS Road, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1271-1486

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v23i.6825

Keywords:

Artocarpus odoratissimus, Baccaurea lanceolata, phytochemicals, glycerol-water extraction

Abstract

Recently, the focus on utilizing food processing by-products, such as peels and seeds, has increased due to their significant phytochemical content, transforming them from waste to valuable resources. This study investigated the antioxidant properties of two local wild fruits, Artocarpus odoratissimus (peel and seed) and Baccaurea lanceolata (peel, seed and flesh), using a glycerol-water extraction system for “green” extraction. Samples underwent ultrasonic extraction at different temperatures (room temperature, 50°C, and 80°C) and glycerol percentages (20–80%). The total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), and anthocyanin (TAC) contents were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant properties were assessed using DPPH free radical scavenging and FRAP assays. The optimal extraction temperatures were 50°C for A. odoratissimus and 80°C for B. lanceolata. The extraction solvent systems were 60% glycerol for A. odoratissimus peel, B. lanceolata seed and flesh, and 80% glycerol for A. odoratissimus seed and B. lanceolata peel. The results show TPC, TFC and TAC of all fruit parts ranging from 6.30 to 175.20 mg GAE/g, 2.80 to 22.50 mg QUE/g, and 0.30 to 9.50 mg c-3-gE/100 g, respectively, across all extraction conditions. Meanwhile, the reducing ability and radical scavenging activities ranged from 20.15 to 891.70 mM TE/g and 1.15 to 319.40 mg TEAC/g, respectively. Overall, A. odoratissimuspeel and B. lanceolata seed exhibited higher phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity, with A. odoratissimus peel showing the highest TPC (154.95 ± 1.42 mg GAE/g) and TFC (22.46 ± 0.31 mg QUE/g), and the highest antioxidant capacity by FRAP (850.20 ± 2.44 mM TE/g) and DPPH (319.43 ± 1.93 mg TEAC/g) assays.

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