SIGNIFIKAN BUDAYA MENGAYAU DAN RITUAL DALAM PERSEMBAHAN LANSARAN

MENGAYAU SIGNIFICANT HEAD-HUNTING CULTURE AND RITUAL IN LANSARAN PERFORMANCE

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Lansaran ialah salah satu persembahan tradisional etnik Murut Tahol yang tinggal di pedalaman Sabah. Tulisan ini memberikan tumpuan terhadap kaitan antara budaya Mengayau, ritual Kukui dan persembahan Lansaran etnik Murut Tahol. Bagi mengumpul data kajian, pengkaji telah menjalankan tiga kerja lapangan di lapan buah kampung di Daerah Tenom. Pengkaji telah menemu bual sejumlah 14 orang informan Murut Tahol yang arif dalam hal Lansaran. Analisis yang dilakukan dalam kajian ini adalah berasaskan interpretasi terhadap hasil temu bual dan cerita lisan yang disampaikan oleh informan Murut di tempat kajian. Hasil analisis mendapati persembahan Lansaran pada asalnya ialah sejenis permainan tradisional dan dijadikan sebahagian daripada persembahan ritual Kukui yang berkait rapat dengan budaya Mengayau. Bagi mententeramkan roh mangsa yang telah dipenggal kepala, maka upacara Kukui dikendalikan supaya roh mangsa serta semangat jahat lain tidak mengganggu penduduk kampung. Tulisan ini telah menonjolkan persembahan Lansaran, aktiviti Mengayau dan upacara Kukui adalah saling berkait.

ABSTRACT

Lansaran is one of the traditional performances of the Tahol Murut ethnic group residing in the interior of Sabah. The focus of this paper is analyzing the relationship between the Lansaran performance, headhunting culture and the Kukui ritual. To collect research data, three separate field trips had been conducted in eight Tahol Murut villages in Tenom District. In the field trips, 14 Murut Tahol informants were interviewed. The analysis in this paper is based on the interpretation of the data gathered from the interviews with the informants. This study found that the Lansaran performance was originated from a Murut traditional game, where the kids were playing by jumping on the tree trunks. Later, Lansaran became part of the Kukui ritual, which is closely related to the headhunting culture. To calm down the spirit of the human soul, whose head had been cut off during the headhunting activity, a ritual which is known as Kukui would be performed by the ritual specialist. In doing so, it is believed that the spirit of the victim and other evil spirits will not harm the villagers. This article has highlighted that the Lansaran performance, headhunting activity and Kukui ritual are closely related.