Kajian Rintis: Tahap Stres Ibu Bapa Pekak di Malaysia
A Pilot Study: Stress Levels of Deaf Parents in Malaysia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/jpks.v7i1.7029Keywords:
tahap stres, ibu bapa, pekak, stress level, parents, deafAbstract
Terdapat banyak kajian mengenai tahap stres ibu bapa kepada anak berkeperluan khas, namun kajian mengenai tahap stres ibu bapa yang berkeperluan khas adalah kurang, terutamanya ibu bapa berstatus pekak. Maka, tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji tahap stres ibu bapa pekak di Malaysia. Sampel berjumlah 164 ibu bapa bukan pekak dan 31 ibu bapa pekak telah menjawab soal selidik Skala Anggapan Stres, secara atas talian. Kemudian, data dianalisis melalui analisis deskriptif dan ujian Mann-Whitney U. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa tidak terdapat perbezaan tahap stres yang signifikan antara ibu bapa bukan pekak dan ibu bapa pekak di Malaysia. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan menambah sorotan kajian mengenai ibu bapa pekak di Malaysia. Hal ini penting dalam mengenal pasti permasalahan yang dilalui oleh ibu bapa pekak, untuk membentuk intervensi yang bersesuaian.
Many studies have been conducted on stress levels among parents with children with special needs, but studies about parents with special needs themselves are minimal, specifically deaf parents. So, the aim of this study is to study stress levels of deaf parents in Malaysia. A sample of 164 non-deaf parents and 31 deaf parents answered the Perceived Stress Scale (Malay version) online. Then, data was analyzed through descriptive analysis and Mann-Whitney U test. The results of this study shows that there is no significant difference in the stress level between non-deaf parents and deaf parents in Malaysia. The intended implication of this study is to add data into the studies of deaf parents in Malaysia. It is important to identify the troubles that deaf parents go through to form effective interventions.
References
Abd Ghani, F. (2013). Keperluan Kesihatan Mental Dalam Kalangan Ibu Bapa. Bahagian Pendidikan Kesihatan, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. http://www.myhealth.gov.my/keperluan-kesihatan-mental-dalam-kalangan-ibu-bapa/
Abdul Manan, A.I., Amit, N., Said, Z., & Ahmad, M. (2018). The influences of parenting stres, children behavioral problems and children quality of life on depression symptoms among parents of children with autism: Preliminary findings. Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 16(SI), 137–143. https://doi.org/10.17576/jskm-2018-19.
Al-Dubaai, S. A. R., Alshagga, M. A., Rampal, K. G., & Sulaimaan, N. A. (2012). Factor structure and reliability of the malay version of the perceived stress scale among Malaysian medical students. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3684234/
Antia, S. D. (1982). Social interaction of partially mainstreamed hearing-impaired children. American Annals of the Deaf, 127(1), 18–25.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191.
Bandura, A., Taylor, C. B., Williams, S. L., Mefford, I. N., & Barchas, J. D. (1985). Catecholamine secretion as a function of perceived coping self-efficacy. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 53(3), 406.
Bat-Chava, Y. (1993). Antecedents of self-esteem in deaf people: A meta-analytic review. Rehabilitation Psychology, 38(4), 221.
Becker, G. (1981). Coping with stigma: Lifelong adaptation of deaf people. Social Science & Medicine. Part B: Medical Anthropology, 15(1), 21–24.
Beehr, T. A., & Newman, J. E. (1978). Job stress, employee health, and organizational effectiveness: A facet analysis, model, and literature review 1. Personnel Psychology, 31(4), 665–699.
Berry, J. W. (1995). 20. Psychology of acculturation. The Culture and Psychology Reader, 457.
Berry, J. W., & Kim, U. (1988). Acculturation and mental health.
Berry, J. W., Kim, U., Minde, T., & Mok, D. (1987). Comparative studies of acculturative stress. International Migration Review, 21(3), 491–511.
Brubaker, R. G. (1994). Acculturative stress: A useful framework for understanding the experience of Deaf Americans. Journal of the American Deafness and Rehabilitation Association, 28(1), 1–15.
Carver, R. (1988). Social Factors in the Development of the Deaf Child. ACEHI Journal, 14(2), 70–80.
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 24, 386–396.
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310.
Ford, N. M. (1984). Parent-education services for deaf adults. Journal of Rehabilitation of the Deaf. 17(4), 1–3.
Foster, S. (1989). Social alienation and peer identification: A study of the social construction of deafness. Human Organization, 48(3), 226 –235.
Gaillard, A. W. K., & Wientjes, C. J. E. (1994). Mental load and work stress as two types of energy mobilization. Work and Stress. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678379408259986
Glickman, N. (1986). Cultural Identity, Deafness, and Mental Health. Journal of Rehabilitation of the Deaf, 20(2), 1–10.
Glickman, N. S., & Carey, J. C. (1993). Measuring deaf cultural identities: A preliminary investigation. Rehabilitation Psychology, 38(4), 275.
Guilamo‐Ramos, V., Jaccard, J., Dittus, P., & Bouris, A. M. (2006). Parental expertise, trustworthiness, and accessibility: Parent‐adolescent communication and adolescent risk behavior. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68(5), 1229–1246.
Gupta, V. B. (2007). Comparison of parenting stress in different developmental disabilities. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-007-9060-x
Harwas-Napierała, B. (2008). Komunikasi interpersonal na w rodzinie [Interpersonal communication in the family]. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM. Holahan, C. K., Holahan, C. J., & Belk, S. S. (1984). Adjustment in aging: The roles of life stress, hassles, and self-efficacy. Health psychology, 3(4), 315.
Holmes, T. H. (81). & Rahe, RH (1967). The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11(2), 213–218.
House, J. S. (1983). Work stress and social support. Addison-Wesley Series on Occupational Stress. Isa, S. N. I., Ishak, I., Ab Rahman, A., Mohd Saat, N. Z., Che Din, N., Lubis, S. H., & Mohd Ismail, M. F. (2017). Perceived stress and coping styles among Malay caregivers of children with learning disabilities in Kelantan. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2017.24.1.9
Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, J. D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. Krok, D. (2010). Systemowe ujęcie rodziny w badaniach dobrostanu psychicznego jej członków. W: Rodzina w nurcie współczesnych przemian, red. Dariusz Krok, Paweł Landwójtowicz, 359-368.
Lane, H. L., Hoffmeister, R., & Bahan, B. J. (1996). A journey into the DEAF WORLD. Dawn Sign Press. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing Company.
Leigh, I. W., & Stinson, M. S. (1991). Social environments, self-perceptions, and identity of hearing-impaired adolescents. The Volta Review.
Lucas, C., & Valli, C. (1990). ASL, English, and contact signing. Sign language research. Theoretical Issues, 288–307.
Luterman, D. (1979). Counselling parents of hearing-impaired children. Boston: Little, Brown& Company. Mallory, B. L., Schein, J. D., & Zingle, H. W. (2019). Parenting resources for deaf parents with hearing children. Parenting.
Mertens, D. M. (1989). Social experiences of hearing-impaired high school youth. American Annals of the Deaf, 134(1), 15–19.
Moroe, Nomfundo F., & de Andrade, V. (2018). Hearing children of Deaf parents: Gender and birth order in the delegation of the interpreter role in culturally Deaf
families. African Journal of Disability (Online), 7, 1–10. https://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v7i0.365 Murray, J. B., Klinger, L., & McKinnon, C. C. (2007). The deaf: An exploration of their participation in community life. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 27(3), 113–120.
Pendaftaran Orang Kurang Upaya. (2020). Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat. http://www.jkm.gov.my/jkm/index.php?r=portal/left&id= UnN2U3dtUHhacVN4aHNPbUlPayt2QT09
Quigley, S. P., & Paul, P. V. (1984). ASL and ESL? Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 3(4), 17–26.
Rittenhouse, R. K., Johnson, C., Overton, B., Freeman, S., & Jaussi, K. (1991). The black and deaf movements in America since 1960: Parallelism and an agenda for the future. American Annals of the Deaf, 136(5), 392–400.
Rosen, T. J., Terry, N. S., & Leventhal, H. (1982). The role of esteem and coping in response to a threat communication. Journal of Research in Personality, 16(1), 90–107.
Selye, H. (1976). Stress in Health and Disease. Stoneham, MA: Butterworth. Thumann-Prezioso, C. (2005). Deaf parents’ perspectives on deaf education. Sign Language Studies, 5(4), 415–440.
Statistik Jabatan Kebajikan Malaysia. (2014).
Wach, T. (2016). Pedagogiczna racjonalizacja transgeneracyjnych kodów socjokulturowych w rodzinach zagrożonych demoralizacją [Pedagogical rationalisation of transgenerational sociocultural codes in families at risk of demoralisation]. In: E. Domagała-Zyśk, A. Borowicz & R. Kołodziejczyk (eds.), Język i wychowanie. Księga Jubileuszowa z okazji 45-lecia pracy naukowej Profesor Kazimiery Krakowiak[Language and education. Commemorative publication on the occasion of the 45th anniversary of the scientific work Professor Kazimiera Krakowiak] (pp. 639–652). Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL.
Wang, B., Stanton, B., Li, X., Cottrell, L., Deveaux, L., & Kaljee, L. (2013). The influence of parental monitoring and parent–adolescent communication on Bahamian adolescent risk involvement: A three-year longitudinal examination. Social Science & Medicine, 97, 161–169.
Welsh, W. A. (1960). The economic impact of deafness. Statistics, 1970, 1980-1990. World report on disability. (2011). In The Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60844-1
Xin Lee, J. (2017). Parenting stress among Malaysian parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Medicine & Health, 12(1), 42–55. https://doi.org/10.17576/mh.2017.1201.06
Zaborniak-Sobczak, M. (2020). Deaf Parents’ Communication with Their Hearing Children (Everyday Problems). Konteksty Pedagogiczne, 1(14), 103.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Total Views: 2
| 
Total Downloads: 1
