KUASA HEGEMONI DAN KESTABILAN EKONOMI POLITIK ANTARABANGSA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/ejk.v22i.849Keywords:
Theori Kestabilan Hegemoni, kuasa hegemoni, Great Britain, Amerika Syarikat, institusi antarabangsa, kestabilan antarabangsa.Abstract
Artikel ini membincangkan kepentingan Teori Kestabilan Hegemoni dalam memahami pembentukan kestabilan dan ketidakstabilan ekonomi politik antarabangsa. Mengikut teori ini, peranan yang dimainkan oleh sesebuah kuasa hegemoni sangat penting dalam membentuk kestabilan ekonomi dan politik antarabangsa. Tanpa kewujudan sebuah kuasa hegemoni yang betul-betul kuat dalam sistem antarabangsa, maka kestabilan antarabangsa sukar untuk diwujudkan. Data-data sekunder digunakan dalam kajian ini bagi menganalisis peranan yang dimainkan oleh kuasa hegemoni dan kestabilan antarabangsa. Kajian ini merumuskan bahawa peranan yang dimainkan oleh sesebuah kuasa hegemoni sangat penting dalam membentuk kestabilan dalam ekonomi politik antarabangsa. Ketidakstabilan politik antarabangsa dan kemelesetan ekonomi dalam dekad-dekad sebelum Perang Dunia Kedua 1939 meletus mempunyai hubungan rapat dengan ketiadaan sebuah kuasa hegemoni yang benar-benar kuat dan berupaya memainkan peranan yang berkesan dalam sistem antarabangsa. Great Britain telah berada dalam keadaan terlalu lemah (dalam tempoh 1919–1939) dan Amerika Syarikat pula enggan (atau belum benar-benar mampu) memainkan peranan sebagai kuasa hegemoni baharu menggantikan Great Britain. Sementara itu, Liga Bangsa-Bangsa tidak berfungsi dengan berkesan dalam tahun-tahun 1930-an kerana tidak wujud sebuah kuasa hegemoni yang benar-benar kuat. Keadaan ekonomi dan politik antarabangsa yang lebih baik dan stabil selepas tahun 1945 banyak dipengaruhi oleh peranan yang dimainkan oleh Amerika Syarikat sebagai kuasa hegemoni baharu. Sesebuah institusi antarabangsa tidak mungkin dapat berjalan dengan lancar dan berjaya mencapai matlamatnya tanpa sokongan kuat daripada sebuah kuasa hegemoni.
This paper discusses the importance of the theory of hegemonic stability in understanding the stability and instability in the international political economy. According to the theory of hegemonic stability, the role played by a hegemonic power is very important in creating stability in international politics and economy. Without strong hegemon, the creation of international stability is impossible. The secondary data since early twentieth century was used in analysing the relationship between role of the hegemonic power and international stability. The study concludes that the hegemonic power was very important in creating stability in international political economy. The political instability and economic depression in the decades before Second World War closely related with the absence of strong hegemonic power in the international system. Great Britain was very weak (during the period 1919-1939) and the United States refused to take the role as a new hegemonic power. The League of Nations was not well function in the 1930s because of the lack of hegemonic power. The better and stable situation in international politics and economy after 1945 was strong influenced by the role played by the United States as a new hegemonic power. The international institution is impossible to run smoothly without strong support by a hegemonic power.
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