Enhancing ESL learners’ speaking confidence through real-life simulation: A qualitative case study

Abstract

Many English as a Second Language (ESL) learners struggle with speaking confidence which hinders their ability to communicate effectively and participate actively especially in classroom discussions. This study explores how real-life simulation activities influence the speaking confidence of 30 Form 4 ESL students in Sabah secondary school. Using a qualitative case study design, data were collected through focus group interviews and an open-ended questionnaire and analyzed thematically. The findings revealed five major themes: presentations and group-based tasks increased students’ confidence; students developed a more positive attitude toward speaking English; learners transferred their speaking confidence to real-life situations; relatable and familiar topics reduced speaking anxiety; and peer support and preparation contributed significantly to confidence building. These findings suggest that real-life simulation activities can create meaningful, supportive learning environments that encourage ESL learners to speak more confidently in Malaysian classrooms.