KOMITMEN ORGANISASI: FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI WARTAWAN DALAM PENERBITAN BERITA AKHBAR CETAK DI MALAYSIA

ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: FACTORS AFFECTING JOURNALISTS IN THE PUBLICATION OF PRINT NEWS IN MALAYSIAN

Abstract

Komitmen terhadap tanggungjawab kerja dipengaruhi oleh pelbagai aspek psikologi seseorang wartawan dalam dunia kewartawanan. Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti faktor-faktorinternal dan eksternalorganisasi yang mempengaruhi tugas seseorang wartawan sepanjang proses penerbitan berita. Sarjana seperti Scheufele (1999) pernah berhujah sekurang-kurangnya terdapat lima faktor yang berpotensi mempengaruhi bagaimana seseorang wartawan membingkai sesebuah isu yang diberikan iaitu nilai-nilai dan norma-norma sosial, halangan dan tekanan di tempat kerja, tekanan daripada kumpulan-kumpulan berkepentingan, rutin kerja kewartawanan dan orientasi ideologi dan politik diri wartawan. Hasil dapatan kajian menggunakan kaedah survei dengan 393 orang responden yang terdiri daripada wartawan-wartawan dan editor dari 18 buah organisasi akhbar arus perdana di Malaysia menunjukkan komitmen kerja wartawan lebih dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor kognisi diri individu berbanding faktor-faktor eksternal organisasi. Aspek internal yang paling berpengaruh adalah daripada kluster sentimen profesionalisme wartawan disusuli oleh sentimen kerja dan kepuasan kerja. Aspek-aspek sifat organisasi, latihan yang diperolehi dan demografi wartawan turut dikenalpasti memainkan peranan penting menentukan komitmen wartawan terhadap kerja mereka. Kaedah penilaian kerja yang digunakan oleh organisasi berita telah ditunjukkan paling berpengaruh mempengaruhi komitmen organisasi. Di bawah kluster aspek kognisi individu wartawan, ideologi individu mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan komitmen organisasi tetapi aspek ini merupakan aspek yang paling lemah berbanding aspek-aspek lain seperti menghormati ketua dan toleransi. Daripada segi faktor eksternal, perundangan komunikasi massa yang berperanan mengawal selia produk kewartawanan mempengaruhi kerja seseorang wartawan.

Commitment to work responsibilities is influenced by various psychological aspects of a journalists in the journalistic world. The purpose of this study is to examine the internal and external factors of the organization that influence journalist’s works throughout the process of news production. Scholars such as Scheufele (1999) have argued that there are at least five factors that may influence how a journalist framed a given issue, namely social values and norms, barriers and pressures at work, pressures of interest groups, routines journalistic work and the ideological and political orientation of journalists themselves. The findings of the study using a survey method with 393 respondents consisting of journalists and editors from 18 leading mainstream newspaper organizations in Malaysia showed that journalists' work commitments are more influenced by individual cognition factors than by the external factor. The most influential internal factors are from the cluster of journalistic professionalism followed by work sentiment and job satisfaction. Aspects likes journalist’s demographics, training, and the nature of the organization, also play an important role in determining journalist's commitment to their work. The work evaluation methods used by news organizations have been shown to have the greatest impact on organizational commitment. Under the cluster of individual cognitions of journalists, individual ideologies were shown to have a significant relationship with organizational commitment, but this aspect is also the weakest aspect compared to the other aspects such as respect to the leader and tolerance. In terms of external factors, mass communications legislation that regulates journalistic products affects the work of a journalist.