AN ANALYSIS OF THE SPRATLY ISLANDS DISPUTE FROM A NEOCLASSICAL REALIST PERSPECTIVE DURING THE PRIME MINISTER NAJIB BIN RAZAK ERA (2009-2018) IN MALAYSIA

Abstract

This study discusses the dispute over the overlapping claims on the Spratly islands during the administration of Najib Razak’s 2009-2018. The island is claimed by six countries including Malaysia. Malaysia has put its official claim since 1979 with issuance of Peta Baharu (the New Map). Since then, Malaysia has continued to strengthen its claim over the area. Malaysia has used a range of strategic moves to strengthen its position in the Spratly Islands in the face of conflicting claims. Engaging diplomatically with regional and international parties to gain support for its territorial claims has been one noteworthy tactic. In addition, Malaysia has worked to strengthen its de facto authority over these areas by fortifying its presence on important features through marine patrols and infrastructure development. But there have been a number of issues involving China and the United States of America in the area. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide light on Malaysia's strategy, particularly during the Najib Razak administration. It is critical to comprehend how Malaysia manages the situation by pursuing its national interest in the region while simultaneously keeping positive relationships with China and the United States of America. In doing so, the neo-classical realism perspective is employed to better explain the dynamics of Malaysia’s approach during Najib’s era visa-vis balancing its ties with China and the United States, without sacrificing its interest in claiming the Spratly islands.