Perjanjian Malaysia 1963: Kerangka Perundangan dalam Gagasan Malaysia dan Proses Dekolonialisasi Sabah dan Sarawak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/jba.v4i1.1974Keywords:
Perjanjian Malaysia 1963, Gagasan Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Dekolonialisasi, Malaysia Agreement of 1963, Formation of Malaysia, DecolonisationAbstract
Sejarah penubuhan Persekutuan Malaysia sememangnya mempunyai hubungan simbiotik dengan kemerdekaan dua buah negeri di Borneo, iaitu Sabah dan Sarawak. Ini kerana perisytiharan Persekutuan Malaysia pada tanggal 16 Haribulan September tahun 1963 tidak akan dapat direalisasikan tanpa penyertaan kedua-dua buah negeri tersebut berserta Singapura. Namun begitu, dari segi perundangan, Perlembagaan
Persekutuan Malaysia yang telah mula berkuatkuasa pada tarikh tersebut sebenarnya merupakan pindaan kepada Perlembagaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu tahun 1957, bukannya satu perlembagaan baharu. Ini bermakna Persekutuan Malaysia bukanlah satu entiti baru tapi sebenarnya merupakan penambahan keluasan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu melalui percantuman Sabah dan Sarawak kepadanya. Status quo ini yang didasarkan kepada kerangka perundangan seperti yang termaktub dalam perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia telah juga diperakukan keabsahannya di bawah perundangan antarabangsa apabila ia diiktiraf oleh PBB. Oleh yang demikian, makalah ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan kerangka perundangan dalam Gagasan Malaysia yang diaplikasikan kepada proses dekolonialisasi yang membawa kepada kemerdekaan Sabah dan Sarawak pada tahun 1963. Perbincangan ini akan merujuk kepada provisi yang terkandung dalam Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 dan dokumen lain yang berkaitan dengannya.
The history of the foundation of the Federation of Malaysia had symbiotic relations with the independence of two Borneo states of Sabah and Sarawak. This is because the proclamation of the Federation of Malaysia
on 16th of September 1963 would not have been realized without the participation of those two states together with Singapore. Nevertheless, the Constitution of the Federation of Malaysia which went into effect on that
day was actually the amendment of the Federation of Malaya of 1957, not a new constitution. This means that the Federation of Malaysia is not a new entity but actually the enlargement of the Federation of Malaya
through the incorporation of Sabah and Sarawak into the federation. This legal framework is also recognised under international law, as its legality is sanction by the United Nations. Hence, this article discusses the legal
framework of the foundation of Malaysia that has been applied to the process of decolonisation, which led to the independence of Sabah and Sarawak in 1963. The discussion on the the subject is based on the provisions stipulated in the Malaysia Agreement of 1963 and other related documents.
References
Buku Harapan, 2018, 8 March, https://kempen.s3.amazonaws.com/pdf/Buku_Harapan.pdf
CAB 134/1560, 18/4/1961. "The possibility of an Association of the British Borneo Territories with the Federation of Malaya and the State of Singapore", 18 April 1961, Cabinet Colonial Committee Minutes., CPC 4 (61).
Cmnd 1794, 3/2/1962. Memorandum on Malaysia, the Malaysia Solidarity Consultative Committee, 3 February 1962, Lampiran kepada Laporan Suruhanjaya Cobbold. , 21 Jun 1962.
Cmnd 1794, (1962) Report of the Commission of Enquiry, North Borneo and Sarawak, 1962, National Archive at Kew, (yang dirujuk sebagai Cobbold Report yang dihantar oleh Lord Cobbold kepada Harold MacMillan, Perdana Menteri Britain, 21 Jun 1962.
Cmnd 1954, (1963). Malaysia, Report of the Inter-Governmental Committee, London, 1963.
CO 1030/978, 1/12/1960. Proposed State of Greater Malaysia, Office of The High Commissioner for The United Kingdom, Kuala Lumpur to Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations, 1 December 1960.
Fhlathuin, M. (2007) “The British empire†hlm. 21-31 dalam John McLeod (pnyt.), The Routledge Companion to Postcolonial Studies, Abingdon: Routledge.
Federation of Malaya, Ch. 60, Independence Act, 31 July 1957, London: Her Majesty’s Stationary Office.
FMA1963: Federation of Malaya, Act of Parliament No. 26 OF 1963.
Ghazali Shafie, (1998) Ghazali Shafie's Memoir on the Formation of Malaysia, Bangi: Penerbit UKM, Siri Memoir Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Jayakumar, S. (1964). ‘Admission of New States : The Government of the State ofKelantan v The Government of the Federation of Malaya and Tunhu Abdul Rahman al-Haj’, Malaya Law Review, Jil. 6. No. 1, hlm. 181-1-8.
Lee Kuan Yew, (1998) The Singapore Story: Memoir of Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore: Times Edition Pte Ltd.
MA63. UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND and FEDERATION OF MALAYA, NORTH BORNEO, SARAWAK and SINGAPORE Agreement relating to Malaysia, 9 July 1963, London, United Nations--Treaty Series No. 10760, 1970.
Malaysia Act 1963, CHAPTER 35, 31 July 1963, London: Her Majesty’s Stationary Office.
New Straits Times, (2019). “No two-thirds majority support to amend Constitutionâ€, 9 April 2019, https://www.nst.com.my › news › nation › 2019/04 › no-two-thirds-majori
Penyata Dewan Rakyat, 16 Oktober 1961, Kuala Lumpur: parlimen Malaysia.
Penyata Rasmi Parlimen Malaysia, (1976) Jil. 21, Bil. 19, 12 Julai 1976.
Penyata Rasmi Persidangan Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak, (2017). Mesyuarat kedua bagi Penggal kedua 9 Nov. 2019.
Resolusi 1541, (1960). United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1541, 15 Disember 1960.
Rothermund, D. (2006) The Routledge Companion to Decolonization, Abingdon: Routledge. 43.
The Star Online, (2019). “Liew: Cabinet agrees to amend Constitution, restore Sabah, Sarawak as equal partnersâ€, 8 Marc 2019, https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/03/08/liew-cabinet-agrees-to-amend-constitution-restore-sabah-sarawak-as-equal-partners/
United Nations Malaysia Mission Report, “Final Conclusions of the Secretary-General,†14 September 1963.
Utusan Melayu, 17 Oktober, 1961.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Penyerahan manuskrip mensyaratkan bahawa manuskrip tidak pernah diterbitkan di tempat lain ataupun sedang dipertimbangkan untuk penerbitan oleh penerbit lain. Jika dan apabila manuskrip telah diterima untuk penerbitan, maka penulis bersetuju untuk memindahkan secara automatik hak cipta kepada penerbit ©Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Hak cipta terpelihara. Tiada bahagian daripada terbitan ini boleh diterbitkan semula dalam bentuk apa pun atau dengan cara apa pun tanpa kebenaran bertulis terbelih dahulu daripada penerbit.
Permintaan kepada Penerbit untuk kebenaran hendaklah dialamatkan kepada:
Penerbit UMS,Tingkat Bawah Perpustakaan,Jalan UMS, Universiti Malaysia Sabah,88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.Tel: (+6088) 320000 Ext. 1015Fax: (+6088) 320446 E-mail: penerbit@ums.edu.my
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Submission of article implies that the article has not been previously published elsewhere nor is under consideration for publication by another publisher. If and when the article is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher ©Universiti Malaysia Sabah. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to:
Penerbit UMS,Ground Floor Library,Jalan UMS, Universiti Malaysia Sabah,88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.Tel: (+6088) 320000 Ext. 1015Fax: (+6088) 320446 E-mail: penerbit@ums.edu.my
Total Views: 3562
| 
Total Downloads: 4218
