Perjanjian Malaysia 1963: Kerangka Perundangan dalam Gagasan Malaysia dan Proses Dekolonialisasi Sabah dan Sarawak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/jba.v4i1.1974Keywords:
Perjanjian Malaysia 1963, Gagasan Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Dekolonialisasi, Malaysia Agreement of 1963, Formation of Malaysia, DecolonisationAbstract
Sejarah penubuhan Persekutuan Malaysia sememangnya mempunyai hubungan simbiotik dengan kemerdekaan dua buah negeri di Borneo, iaitu Sabah dan Sarawak. Ini kerana perisytiharan Persekutuan Malaysia pada tanggal 16 Haribulan September tahun 1963 tidak akan dapat direalisasikan tanpa penyertaan kedua-dua buah negeri tersebut berserta Singapura. Namun begitu, dari segi perundangan, Perlembagaan
Persekutuan Malaysia yang telah mula berkuatkuasa pada tarikh tersebut sebenarnya merupakan pindaan kepada Perlembagaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu tahun 1957, bukannya satu perlembagaan baharu. Ini bermakna Persekutuan Malaysia bukanlah satu entiti baru tapi sebenarnya merupakan penambahan keluasan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu melalui percantuman Sabah dan Sarawak kepadanya. Status quo ini yang didasarkan kepada kerangka perundangan seperti yang termaktub dalam perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia telah juga diperakukan keabsahannya di bawah perundangan antarabangsa apabila ia diiktiraf oleh PBB. Oleh yang demikian, makalah ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan kerangka perundangan dalam Gagasan Malaysia yang diaplikasikan kepada proses dekolonialisasi yang membawa kepada kemerdekaan Sabah dan Sarawak pada tahun 1963. Perbincangan ini akan merujuk kepada provisi yang terkandung dalam Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 dan dokumen lain yang berkaitan dengannya.
The history of the foundation of the Federation of Malaysia had symbiotic relations with the independence of two Borneo states of Sabah and Sarawak. This is because the proclamation of the Federation of Malaysia
on 16th of September 1963 would not have been realized without the participation of those two states together with Singapore. Nevertheless, the Constitution of the Federation of Malaysia which went into effect on that
day was actually the amendment of the Federation of Malaya of 1957, not a new constitution. This means that the Federation of Malaysia is not a new entity but actually the enlargement of the Federation of Malaya
through the incorporation of Sabah and Sarawak into the federation. This legal framework is also recognised under international law, as its legality is sanction by the United Nations. Hence, this article discusses the legal
framework of the foundation of Malaysia that has been applied to the process of decolonisation, which led to the independence of Sabah and Sarawak in 1963. The discussion on the the subject is based on the provisions stipulated in the Malaysia Agreement of 1963 and other related documents.
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