SEJARAH PERJUDIAN DI BORNEO UTARA (1881-1941)
History of Gambling in North Borneo (1881-1941)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/jba.v5i1.2851Keywords:
Dasar Perjudian, BNBC, estet, buruh dan masyarakat tempatan, Gambling Policies, estate, labor, local communitiesAbstract
Borneo Utara berada di bawah pentadbiran Syarikat (Berpiagam) Borneo Utara British (SBBUB) dari awal 1881 hingga 1941. Pentadbiran SBBUB melaksanakan pelbagai dasar untuk memastikan pemerintahan politik Borneo Utara lancar dan teratur. Antara langkah yang diambil oleh SBBUB adalah dengan membawa masuk buruh Cina dan Jawa. Namun, buruh asing menyebabkan berlakunya kegiatan perjudian sebagai aktiviti sosial baru di Borneo Utara. Objektif makalah ini adalah untuk menganalisis aktiviti perjudian di Borneo Utara semasa pentadbiran SBBUB. Sumber primer digunakan dalam perbincangan terutamanya sumber dokumen pentadbiran kolonial dan juga laporan tahunan kerajaan. Sumber sekunder seperti buku dan jurnal juga dirujuk untuk mengukuhkan analisis perbincangan. Dapatan kajian makalah ini ialah imigran Cina berperanan sebagai pengusaha pusat perjudian di kebanyakan ladang pertanian di Borneo Utara. Manakala imigran Jawa pula sebagai pelanggan kepada pusat-perjudian berkenaan. Aktiviti perjudian semakin berkembang apabila pihak SBBUB mengeluarkan lesen perjudian dan mewujudkan ruangan pusat perjudian yang berdaftar.
North Borneo was under the British North Borneo (Chartered) Company (BNBCC) administration from early 1881 to 1941. The BNBCC administration implemented various policies to ensure the smooth and orderly political governance of North Borneo. Among the steps taken by BNBCC is to bring in Chinese and Javanese manpower. But foreign workers are causing gambling activities as a new social activity in North Borneo. The objective of this paper is to analyze gambling activities in North Borneo during the BNBCC administration. Primary sources are used in discussions especially sources of colonial administrative documents as well as annual government reports. Secondary sources such as books and journals are also referred to to strengthen discussion analysis. The findings of this paper are that Chinese immigrants serve as operators of gambling centers in most agricultural estets in North Borneo. Meanwhile, Javanese immigrants are customers of the gambling centers. Gambling activities are growing when BNBC issues gambling licenses and creates a registered gambling center space.
References
Sumber Awalan
Administration Report, 1923.
British North Borneo Herald 1899.
British North Borneo Herald 1910.
G.N. 273/33, Ordinance 1 of 1930.
State of British North Borneo, Farmers Contract. 1928.
State of North Borneo, Official Gazzete. Notification No. 9. 1889.
States of North Borneo, Official Gazette. “Government Notification-No 10”. 1890.
States of North Borneo, Official Gazette, Notification No. 7. 1904.
States of North Borneo, Official Gazette. 1906.
States of North Borneo, Official Gazette. 1910.
Buku
Han Sing Fong. 1975. The Chinese in Sabah East Malaysia. Taipei: The Orient Cultural Service.
Kahin, McT. G. 1947. The State of North Borneo, 1881-1946. The Far Eastern Quarterly. Vol. 7. No. 1.
Leong, C. 1982. Sabah: The first 100 years. Kuala Lumpur: Percetakan Nan Yang Muda.
Rutter, O. 1922. British North Borneo: An Account of Its History, Resources, and Native Tribes. London: Constable & Company Limited.
Tregonning, K. G. 1958. Under Chartered Company Rule: North Borneo, 1881-1946. Singapore: University of Malaya Press.
Wong Tze-Ken, Danny. 1998. The Transformation of an Immigrant Society: A Study of The Chinese of Sabah. London: Asean Academic Press.
Wong Tze-Ken, Danny. 1999. Chinese Migration to Sabah before the Second World War. Archipel 58. Vol. III.
Wong Tze-Ken, Danny. 2004. Historical Sabah: Community and Society, Volume 2. Borneo: Natural Publications.
Tesis
De Silva, M. 2009. Javanese Indentured Labourers in British North Borneo, 1914-1932. London: University of London.
Goh Eih Chin. 2001. Candu dan Masyarakat di Sabah: 1881-1941. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya.
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