WARISAN BUDAYA KAMPUNG AIR BERHADAPAN ARUS PEMBANGUNAN DI SABAH

Cultural Heritage of Water Village Faced with Development Currents in Sabah

Abstract

Dari sudut sejarah awal, kumpulan masyarakat Melayu Brunei merupakan pengasas jenis petempatan kampung air di Sabah. Pada tahun 1970-an, kampung air menjadi satu fenomena petempatan dalam kalangan masyarakat peribumi dan imigran di Sabah. Kesannya telah menyebabkan wujud dua pola petempatan kampung air; iaitu di sekitar bandar dan di luar bandar. Kampung air di luar bandar masih mengekalkan warisan penduduk asal. Kampung air di sekitar bandar menjadi petempatan bagi campuran pelbagai kaum peribumi dan imigran, dan dengan sifat setinggan. Populasi penduduk kaum peribumi di kampung air mula merosot pada awal dekad 1990-an disebabkan faktor pembangunan wilayah dan faktor perpindahan. Pertambahan pesat rumah di kampung air telah menimbulkan berbagai-bagai masalah sosial dan alam persekitaran. Hal ini telah menjadikan kampung air umumnya satu petempatan masyarakat terpinggir. Bahkan, ia menimbulkan tanggapan serong daripada masyarakat luar terhadap cara dan taraf hidup di kampung air. Artikel ini menjelaskan status kampung air sebagai satu warisan bangsa dan budaya yang menghadapi cabaran arus pembangunan.

From the early point of history, Brunei Malays are the founders of water village settlement in Sabah. In the 1970s, water village became a settlement phenomenon among indigenous and imigrants in Sabah. As a result, there are two patterns of water village settlements; around the city, and in the rural areas. The water village in rural areas still retains the heritage of the original inhabitants. The water village around the city become settlements for a mixture of indigenous and immigrants, and with squalid characteristics. The indigenous population in water village began to decline in the early 1990s due to regional development factors and displacement factors. The rapid increase of houses in water village has led to various social and environmental problems. This has made water village a common disordered community. It even creates a bogus response from outside society on the way and the standard of living in water village. This article describes the status of water village as a heritage of the nation and the culture that faces the challenge of development