ASAL USUL, PENGOLAHAN DAN SIMBOL RAGAM GERAK TARIAN SUMANGGAK ETNIK TOMBONUO

Origin, Adaptions and Symbols of the Dance Movements in Sumanggak Dance of the Tombonuo Ethnic Group

Abstract

ABSTRAK 

Tarian Sumanggak moden telah diolah oleh Suana Kabora berdasarkan pergerakan ritual muinsamung dan monginsamung etnik Tombonuo di daerah Pitas, Sabah pada tahun 1983. Fokus kajian ini tertumpu kepada aspek perubahan, pengolahan dan simbol ragam gerak tarian Sumanggak moden. Bagi mengumpul data kajian, tiga siri kerja lapangan dijalankan di empat buah kampung di daerah Pitas. Kaedah temu bual, pemerhatian, rakaman video dan pengambilan gambar telah digunakan dalam kajian lapangan. Analisis secara interpretasi mendapati asal usul nama tarian Sumanggak diperoleh daripada perbuatan membuka gadur (bekas yang diperbuat daripada tembaga), yang dikenali sebagai adat Sumanggak. Persembahan tarian Sumanggak didapati mengalami perubahan dari zaman mengayau sehinggalah zaman kini. Tarian ini berasal daripada upacara muinsamung, yang dikendalikan semasa rombongan mengayau dalam perjalanan kembali ke kampung. Pada zaman pentadbiran British (akhir kurun ke-19), konsep persembahan tarian Sumanggak berubah kerana upacara muinsamung telah ditukar kepada upacara monginsamung. Oleh itu, aspek-aspek persembahan tarian Sumanggak seperti ragam gerak, kostum, alat muzik, dan prop mengalami perubahan dari segi fungsi dan pengolahan. Setiap ragam gerak didapati mempunyai simbol yang berkait rapat dengan ritual tradisional etnik Tombonuo.

ABSTRACT

The modern Sumanggak dance was adapted by Suana Kabora in 1983, based on the movements depicted from the muinsamung and monginsamung rituals of the Tombonuo ethnic group in Pitas district, Sabah. This study focuses on the aspects of the performance, the adaption and the symbols that are portrayed in the dance movements of the modern Sumanggak dance. This study involved three field trips to collect data from four villages in Tombonuo in Pitas district. Among the research methods employed were interviews, observations, video recordings and photography. Based on the interpretation and analysis of the study, it was found that the name of the modern Sumanggak dance originated from the act of opening the gadur (vessel made of bronze), which is known as Sumanggak. The performance context of the Sumanggak dance focused on the head-hunting period to the British administration era until the present time. The Sumanggak dance originated from the muinsamung ritual, which was performed at the time of the arrival of the head-hunting group at their village. During the British administration era (end of the 19th century), the Sumanggak dance had undergone some modifications due to transition from the muinsamung ritual to the monginsamung ritual. The aspect of the dance movements, the costume, the musical instruments and the props had undergone changes in terms of function and adaption. Each symbol of the dance movement has also been found to be closely related to the muinsamung and monginsamung rituals.