REALITI DAN ASPIRASI PEMBANGUNAN MASYARAKAT IBAN DI PEDALAMAN DAERAH SONG, KAPIT, SARAWAK: KAJIAN KES DI TIGA BUAH RUMAH PANJANG
Reality and Development Aspiration among the Iban in the Interior of Song, Kapit, Sarawak: A Case Study in Three Longhouses
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/manu.v30i.1894Keywords:
Pembangunan, pembangunan orang Iban, aspirasi, hak peribumi, tanah adat, development, development of the Iban, aspiration, native rights, customary landAbstract
ABSTRAK
Pembangunan di Sarawak semakin rancak setelah penggabungan dengan Tanah Melayu dan Sabah pada tahun 1963. Namun begitu, selepas lima dekad bergabung membentuk negara Malaysia, pembangunan di Sarawak tidak seimbang. Terdapat jurang yang agak luas di antara bandar dengan luar bandar, terutamanya di kawasan pedalaman. Pembangunan fizikal dan sosioekonomi di kawasan pedalaman tidak menyerlah, sama ada kurang berjaya atau tidak sampai. Kajian ini akan membincangkan status pembangunan masyarakat Iban yang terletak di pedalaman Sarawak dan meneroka aspirasi pembangunan menurut pandangan lokal. Kajian akan menggunakan teori pembangunan yang dipelopori oleh Sen (1999), iaitu pembangunan sebagai kebebasan untuk menganalisis isu, kebebasan dan aspirasi pembangunan masyarakat Iban tersebut dengan menggunakan pendekatan kajian kes di tiga rumah panjang untuk mengumpul data kajian. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa wujud jurang yang agak luas antara orang Iban di rumah panjang dengan masyarakat bandar. Antaranya ialah ketinggalan dari segi pembangunan infrastruktur seperti kemudahan bekalan elektrik 24 jam dan jalan raya berturap. Isu-isu penting yang turut ditemui ialah tentang aspirasi pembangunan mereka dan penerokaan tanah adat masyarakat Iban di kawasan kajian.
ABSTRACT
Sarawak has developed significantly since its decision to unite with Malaya and Sabah in 1963. However, after five decades since forming Malaysia, the development of Sarawak appears to be imbalanced with huge gaps in development between urban and rural areas, especially among communities in the interior. The physical and socioeconomic conditions in these rural and interior areas are underdeveloped, as they are either less successful or have not been seen to have achieved their potential. This paper will discuss findings from our research on development aspirations among the Iban in the interior of Sarawak. This study applies the Development Theory by Sen (1999) which proposes development as a means of freedom to analyse the development aspirations of the Iban using the case study approach in three longhouses in the interior. The research findings document the wide gap between Iban communities in the longhouses and those living in cities. These gaps include exclusion from infrastructure development such as having access to 24-hour electricity supply and the lack of paved roads. Fundamental issues discussed are those regarding their aspirations for development and exploration of customary land in the areas of research.
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