KEWUJUDAN BAHASA ANTARA DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR SUKU DUSUN TINDAL
The Existence of Interlanguage among Dusun Tindal Tribe Learners
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/manu.v31i1.2051Keywords:
Bahasa antara, transmisi bahasa antara genarasi, pemmindahan latihan, terlebih generalisasi, kontinum bahasa antara, penara bahasa antara, akrolek, Interlanguage, intergenerational language transmission, transfer of training, overgeneralization, continuum of interlanguage, interlanguage plateau, acrolectAbstract
Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti bentuk bahasa antara dalam penulisan karangan pelajar suku Dusun Tindal. Kajian kes dijalankan di Sekolah Menengah Tenghilan, Tuaran, Sabah yang melibatkan sebanyak 69 pelajar, 12 orang guru bahasa Melayu (BM) dan dua informan dari komuniti suku Dusun Tindal. Instrumen penyelidikan ialah set soal selidik, ujian karangan dan inventori terjemahan versi ayat bahasa Melayu dan bahasa Dusun Tindal. Terdapat beberapa penemuan penting daripada penyelidikan ini. Kebanyakan skor penulisan karangan bahasa Melayu pelajar pada peringkat ‘baik’ tetapi kandungan karangan masih terdapat bentuk bahasa antara, iaitu pemindahan latihan akibat pelajar menggunakan struktur ayat bahasa ibunda yang bermula dengan frasa kerja atau adjektif. Ayat yang mengandungi bentuk terlebih generalisasi menggambarkan penara sementara bahasa antara. Guru-guru bahasa menyarankan beberapa strategi bagi meleraikan bentuk bahasa antara, terutamanya mengambil sikap yang betul terhadap kesilapan bahasa pelajar. Kontinum bahasa antara pelajar kebanyakannya berada pada tahap akrolek antara skor 81 hingga 97. Tahap ini menghampiri kompeten bahasa penutur asli. Akhir sekali dan tidak kurang pentingnya, penyelidikan yang sistematik adalah perlu untuk menyelesaikan masalah bahasa antara dalam semua aspek bahasa. Sebagai langkah penambahbaikan, penyelidikan punca penara sementara adalah munasabah untuk mengatasi halangan bahasa antara yang dihadapi oleh pelajar suku Dusun Tindal.
This research was aimed at examining the interlanguage forms in essay writing by learners from the Dusun Tindal community. The case study was conducted at Tenghilan Secondary School in Tuaran, Sabah and involved 69 students, 12 Bahasa Melayu teachers and two informants from the community. The research instruments comprised a set of questionnaires, essay tests and translation inventory of the Malay and Dusun Tindal syntactic versions. Several important findings emerged in this research. Most Malay language essay writing scores were at the ‘good’ level but the contents still presented forms of interlanguage i.e. transfer of training due to students’ tendency of using mother tongue sentence structure of frontal verbal or adjectival phrases. Sentences incorporating the overgeneralization
form depicted a temporary plateau of interlanguage. Language teachers suggested several strategies to remove interlanguage especially by adopting an appropriate attitude towards student language errors. The continuum of interlanguage of students were mostly at the acrolect level between 81 to 97 scores. This stage approximated near-native speaker competence. Last but not least, a systematic research is necessary to overcome interlanguage in all aspects of language. As an improvement measure, research on the source of the temporary plateau would be a viable move to overcome interlanguage obstacles faced by learners from the Dusun Tindal community.
References
Alhamadi, N. S. (2015). Language Transfer errors in speaking among Saudi Arabia students; A comparative study between students in Saudi Arabia and students in the UK. Tesis PhD (Tidak diterbitkan). School of Languages, Cultures and Societies, University of Leeds, United Kingdom.
Ellis, R. (1985). Understanding second language acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Endang Fauziati. (2011). Interlanguage and error fossilization: A study of Indonesian students learning English as a foreign language. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1 (1), 25–40.
Fatin Rabiha Abdul Kadir & Zaitul Azma Zainon Hamzah. (2017). Bahasa Antara dalam komunikasi lisan penutur melayu dan penutur bukan Melayu. International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics, 7, 1–16.
Foley, B. (2018). Purposive Sampling 101. What is purposive sampling? Retrieved from https://www.surveygizmo.com/resources/blog/purposivesampling-101/
Gang Dong. (2013). On the nature of interlanguage. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 3 (18), 42–44.
Han, Z-H. (2004). Fossilization: Five central issues. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 14 (2), 212–242.
Jerie Anak Peter Langan & Zamri Mahamod. (2011). Sikap dan motivasi murid Iban dalam mempelajari bahasa Melayu sebagai Bahasa Kedua. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 1 (1), 13–25.
Krashen, S. (2003). Explorations in language acquisition and use: The Taipei lectures. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Lewis, M. Paul & Bonnie Henson. (2009). Introduction to language development. Unpublished course materials. Dallas: SIL International.
Mohammad Hamad Al-khresheh. (2015). A review study of Interlanguage Theory. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 4 (3), 123–131.
Moskovsky, C., & Ratcheva, S. (2014). L2 Fossilization: A competence or a performance phenomenon. The Open Communication Journal, 8, 9–17.
Nik Safiah Karim, Farid M. Onn, Hashim Haji Musa & Abdul Hamid Mahmood. (2011). Tatabahasa Dewan. Edisi Ketiga. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Noor Aina Dani & Patarai Cholen. (2010). Cabaran fosilisasi dalam pemerolehan bahasa Melayu bagi pelajar B2. Dlm. Melayu dalam Cabaran (hlm. 54–65). Serdang, Selangor: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Noor Aina Dani. (1999). Bahasa Antara di kalangan B2: Tahap dan fosilisasi. Dlm. Monograf, Bahasa, Sastera dan Budaya Melayu (hlm.35–57). Serdang, Selangor: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Noor Zuhidayah Muhd Zulkifli & Siti Saniah Abu Bakar. (2016). Strategi pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan pelajar di Jerman. Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, 4 (2), 10–19.
Rowntree, D. (1981). A dictionary of education. New York: Harper and Row Ltd. Saraswathy a/P Pormalu @ Perumal, Rohaidah Kamaruddin, Paramasivam A/L Muthusamy, Ayuni Mohamad Bakari & Husna Hidayah Mansor. (2017). Pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu sebagai Bahasa Kedua dalam Kalangan Pelajar Sekolah Tamil. International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation, 5 (1), 45–55.
Sekolah Berasrama Penuh. (2017). Pentaksiran Diagnostik Akademik Sekolah Berasrama Penuh 2017. 1103/1. Hak Cipta BPSBPSK, 1–3.
Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 10 (3), 209–231.
Selinker, L. (1974). Interlanguage. In Richards, J. C. (Ed.) Error analysis. Perspectives on second language acquisition (hlm. 31–54) .London: Longman (Applied Linguistics and Language Study).
Selinker, L. (1996). Fossilization: What we think we know. London: Longman Group UK Limited.
Sims, W. R. (1989). Fossilization and learning strategies in second language acquisition. TESOL Journal, 7, 61–72.
Vigil, N. A. & J. W. Oller, Jr. (1976). Rule fossilization: A tentative model. Language Learning, 26 (2), 281–95.
Yi, Fan. (2002). Plateau of EFL Learning: A Psycholinguistic and Pedagogical Study. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.565.6275
Zaliza Mohamad Nasira & Zaitul Azma Zainon Hamzah. (2014). Sikap dan motivasi pelajar terhadap pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 134, 408–415
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
All right reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced without prior written permission of the copyright holder. The written permission of the copyright holder must be obtained before any parts of this publication is stored in a retrieval system of any nature.
Requests for permission to duplicate an article, review or part of this journal should be addressed to the Chief Editor, MANU, Centre for the Promotion of Knowledge and Language Learning, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Total Views: 1132
| 
Total Downloads: 1215
