BALE GAMBANG-BARUK SEBAGAI PUSAT ADAT, PERAYAAN DAN SOSIALISASI BIDAYUH SARAWAK
Bale Gambang-Baruk Centre of Customs, Ceremonies and Socialization of The Bidayuh People of Sarawak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/manu.v32i1.2554Keywords:
Bale gambang-baruk, pusat adat, perayaan, sosialisasi, identiti Bidayuh, centre of culture, celebration, socialization, identity of the BidayuhAbstract
Institusi bale gambang-baruk iaitu sebuah institusi penting yang berperanan sebagai pusat perayaan dan menjadi sumber dalam konteks sosialisasi, selain sebagai pusat ritual dan pemujaan, amalan mistik dan perbomohan, serta benteng pertahanan kampung tradisi dalam kalangan etnik Bidayuh, Sarawak. Objektif kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai fungsi dan peranan institusi bale gambang-baruk sebagai pusat adat, pusat perayaan dan pusat sosial tradisional masyarakat Bidayuh. Aspek ini akan melibatkan penelitian perayaaan tradisional dan proses ritual yang diadakan. Metodologi penyelidikan kualitatif digunakan dengan pengumpulan data dibuat menggunakan sumber premier, iaitu melalui kajian penulis di lapangan, dengan penyelidikan secara penglibatan dan pemerhatian di beberapa buah kampung Bidayuh, iaitu di Kampung Gumbang, Kampung Opar dan Kampung Pichi yang masih mengekalkan amalan ini walaupun mengalami arus pemodenan. Hasil kajian yang dilakukan ini membuktikan bale gambang-baruk masih dijadikan sebagai pusat adat, perayaan dan sosialisasi Bidayuh. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai kesinambungan budaya tradisi walaupun terdapat beberapa bentuk yang terdapat dalam perayaan ini mempunyai unsur-unsur modenisasi. Misalnya, penglibatan wakil rakyat, agensi kerajaan dan badan budaya masyarakat Bidayuh sendiri. Dalam konteks kontemporari ini, ia menjadi sebahagian daripada produk pelancongan etnik Bidayuh khususnya dan Sarawak amnya. Ternyata institusi baruk memberikan ruang kepada penglibatan dan kesedaran dalam masyarakat Bidayuh untuk mengekalkan identiti dan memartabat warisan mereka yang kian pupus oleh proses globalisasi.
Bale gambang-baruk institution is an important institution as a center of celebration and a resource in the context of socialization, as well as a center of ritual and worship, mystical practices as well as a traditional village fort among the Bidayuh ethnic group in Sarawak. The objective of this study is to evaluate the function and role of the bale gambang-baruk as a centre of cultural and traditional festival social centre of the Bidayuh community. This aspect will involve the study of traditional celebrations and ritual processes held in the bale gambang-baruk. Qualitative research methodology is used with data collection made using premier sources, namely through the author’s study in the field, with research by involvement and observation in several Bidayuh villages, namely in Kampung Gumbang, Kampung Opar and Kampung Pichin which still uphold these practices despite the currents of modernization. The results of this study prove that bale gambang-baruk is still used as a centre for Bidayuh customs, celebrations and socialization. This is done as a continuation of traditional culture although there are some forms found in this celebration contain elements of modernization. For example, the involvement of elected representatives, government agencies, and cultural bodies of the Bidayuh community itself, in the effort to preserve and promote this institution. In this contemporary context it has become part of the tourism products of the Bidayuh ethnic in particular and Sarawak in general. Apparently, the new institutions provide space for involvement and awareness in the Bidayuh community to maintain their identity and dignify their heritage which is becoming extinct by the process of globalization.
References
Awang Azman Awang Pawi. (2001). Kaul. Satu interpretasi sosiobudaya. Universiti
Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) Kuching, Sarawak.
Brown, R. (1980). Struktur dan fungsi dalam masyarakat primitive (Edisi
terjemahan). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Durkheim, E. (1912). The elementary forms of the religious life. London: Allan &
Unwin Publications.
Economic Planning Unit Satawak Report. (2020). Sarawak Facts and figures. Chief
Minister’s Office. Lee Ming Press Kuching, Sarawak.
Fortes, M. (1969). Kinship and the social order. Cambridge University Aldine
Publishing.
Frazer, J.G. (1926). A study in magic and religion. UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Friedman, J. (1994). The cultural identity and global process. London: Sage
Publication.
Geddes, W.R. (1957). Nine Dayak nights. London: Oxford University Press.
Grijpstra, B.G. (1976). Common efforts in the development of rural Sarawak.
Amsterdam: Van Gorcum Publications.
Geertz, Clifford. (1983). Local Knowledge. Basic Books Inc. United States of
America.
Husaini, Z. (2000). Ethnical of Sarawak’s ethnic groups. Kuching, Sarawak:
Ministry of Social Development and Urbanization.
Leach, E.R. (1950). Social Science Research in Sarawak. London: H.M Stationery
Office.
Low, H. (1848). Sarawak. Its inhabitants and productions. Kuala Lumpur: Pustaka
Delta Pelajaran Sdn. Bhd.
Macconell, D. (1976). The tourist: A new theory of the leisure class. New York:
Schocken Books.
MacDonald, M. (1985). Borneo People. Singapore: Oxford University Press.
Nais, W. (1992). The Study of Dayak Bidayuh occult arts of divination. Kuching:
Sarawak Literature Society. Lee Ming Press Sdn. Bhd.
St. John, S. (1860). Life in the forests of the far east –travels in Sabah and Sarawak
in the 1860s. London: Oxford University Press.
Walker, J. H. (2002). Power and prowess. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
All right reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced without prior written permission of the copyright holder. The written permission of the copyright holder must be obtained before any parts of this publication is stored in a retrieval system of any nature.
Requests for permission to duplicate an article, review or part of this journal should be addressed to the Chief Editor, MANU, Centre for the Promotion of Knowledge and Language Learning, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.