IMPLIKASI KEKERASAN LIDAH TERHADAP BUNYI HURUF ARAB DALAM KALANGAN KANAK-KANAK DAN REMAJA MELAYU

The Implication of Arabic Pronunciation Difficulties among Malay Kids and Teenagers

Abstract

Bahasa Arab digunakan secara meluas dalam aktiviti ibadah dan keagamaan orang Islam. Kekerasan lidah merupakan masalah yang mendorong kepada kesalahan sebutan huruf Arab. Justeru, sebutan huruf Arab yang tidak tepat mengundang implikasi negatif terhadap makhraj dan sifat huruf Arab lantas menurunkan kualiti bacaan dalam solat. Objektif utama kajian ini ialah untuk mengenal pasti dan memerincikan implikasi kekerasan lidah dalam kalangan orang Melayu terhadap huruf bahasa Arab dari dua aspek utama, iaitu makhraj huruf dan sifat huruf. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kuantitatif yang menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kuasi-eksperimental dan kajian tindakan. Ujian pra dan pasca dilakukan bagi melihat perbezaan tahap sebutan subjek kajian selepas menerima intervensi khusus. Sampel kajian dipilih dalam kalangan orang Melayu yang berumur enam hingga 16 tahun, iaitu seramai 22 orang di sekitar Putrajaya. Semua sampel kajian dijadikan sebagai satu kumpulan rawatan sahaja. Data dikumpul melalui rakaman sebutan fonem bagi 10 huruf konsonan yang dikenal pasti sebagai huruf yang paling sukar bagi bukan penutur jati berdasarkan Teori Mahjub (1993). Analisis data berbentuk analisis deskriptif dilakukan untuk mendapatkan nilai kekerapan, peratusan dan min serta dihuraikan secara deskriptif. Data rakaman juga dinilai oleh dua orang pemeriksa yang merupakan pakar dalam bidang al-Quran. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa lima implikasi masalah kekerasan lidah adalah pertukaran makhraj huruf, pembetulan melampau (overcorrection), meringankan sebutan, tidak konsisten dan tidak memenuhi (sempurna) nilai sifat huruf.

Arabic language is widely used in the worshiping and religious
deeds of Muslims. Difficulties in pronunciation is a problem that leads to mispronunciation of Arabic letters. Thus, inaccurate pronunciation of Arabic letters reflects negative implications towards Arabic places and manners of articulation thus lowering the quality of Quranic recitation in prayer. The main objective of this study is to identify the implications of Arabic pronunciation difficulties among Malays towards two main aspects; Arabic places and manners of articulation. This study is a quantitative study and used quasi-experimental and action research designs. Pre- and
post-tests were performed to see the difference in the pronunciation level of the study subjects after receiving specific interventions. The sample was selected among the Malays aged six to sixteen years of a total of 22 people in Putrajaya. All study samples were treated as one treatment group only. Data were collected through phoneme pronunciation recordings of 10 consonants in which were identified as the most difficult letters for non-native speakers based on Mahjub Theory (1993). Data analysis in the form of descriptive analysis was done to obtain the values of frequency, percentage and mean and were described descriptively. The recording data was also evaluated by two examiners who are experts in the field of the Quran. The results revealed that the five implications of the Arabic pronunciation difficulties are the change of place of articulation, overcorrection, enlightening of pronunciation, inconsistency and do not meet the (perfect) value of manner of articulation.