BEYOND COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE: INTEGRATION OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN PRIMARY ESL CLASSROOM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/manu.v34i1.4806Keywords:
English language teaching, textbook evaluation, intercultural communicative competence (ICC), cultureAbstract
In recent years, intercultural communicative competence (ICC) has become one of the goals of English language teaching in several countries in view of its emphasis on developing learners’ ability to communicate with people from various cultural backgrounds. In Malaysia, the implementation of CEFR-aligned curriculum has brought about the introduction of imported textbooks. Delving into the primary ESL classroom context, this study aimed to investigate the components of ICC in Get Smart Plus 4 and explore activities that contribute to learners’ ICC development. A content analysis was carried out to analyse the content of the textbook based on the listed components of intercultural competence. The findings revealed that Get Smart Plus 4 contained activities that contribute to the development of learners’ intercultural knowledge, attitudes, and skills. This study suggests that utilising the content in the imported textbooks is beneficial in promoting learners’ ICC in the primary ESL classroom.
References
Aguilar, M. J. C. (2007). Dealing with Intercultural Communicative Competence
in the Foreign Language Classroom. In E. A. Soler & M. P. S. Jordà (Eds.),
Intercultural Language Use and Language Learning (pp. 59–78). Springer.
http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-1-4020-5639-0_3.pdf
Ali Rosyidi, & Oikurema Purwati. (2018). Revealing Intercultural Communicative
Competence in an EFL High School Textbook. Proceedings of Social
Sciences, Humanities and Economics Conference (SoSHEC 2017), 108,
–69. https://doi.org/10.2991/soshec-17.2018.13
Atay, D., Kurt, G., Çamlibel, Z., Ersin, P., & Kaslioglu, Ö. (2009). The role of
intercultural competence in foreign language teaching. Inonu University
Journal of the Faculty of Education, 10(3), 123–135.
Bagarić, V., & Djigunović, J. M. (2007). Defining communicative competence.
Metodika, 8(1), 94–103.
Bailly, S., Devitt, S., Gremmo, M.-J., Heyworth, F., Hopkins, A., Jones, B.,
Makosch, M., Riley, P., Stoks, G., & Trim, J. (2001). Common European
Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment - A
Guide for Users. Council of Europe.
Banjongjit, B., & Boonmoh, A. (2018). Teachers’ perceptions towards promoting
Intercultural Communicative Competence in the EFL Classroom.
REFLections, 25(2), 76–97.
Brunsmeier, S. (2017). Primary teachers’ knowledge when initiating intercultural
communicative competence. TESOL Quarterly, 51(1), 143–155. https://
doi.org/10.1002/tesq.327
Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence.
Multilingual Matters.
Byram, M. (2013). Teaching communicative and intercultural competence. LEND:
Lingua e Nuova Didattica, 2, 34–43.
Byram, M. (2020). Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence
(2nd ed.). Multilingual Matters. https://doi.org/10.21832/BYRAM0244
Byram, M., Gribkova, B., & Starkey, H. (2002). Developing the intercultural
dimension in language teaching: A practical introduction for teachers.
Canale, M. (1983). From communicative competence to communicative language
pedagogy. In J. C. Richards & R. W. Schmidt (Eds.), Language and
Communication (pp. 2–27). Routledge.
Canale, M., & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical bases of communicative approaches
to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics, I(1), 1–47.
https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/I.1.1
Celce-Murcia, M. (2007). Rethinking the role of communicative competence.
Intercultural Language Use and Language Learning, 41–57.
Coperías Aguilar, M. J. (2002). Intercultural communicative competence: A step
beyond communicative competence. ELIA, 3, 85–102.
Cortazzi, M., & Jin, L. (1999). Cultural mirrors: Materials and methods in the
EFL classroom. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Culture in Second Language Teaching
and Learning (pp. 196–219). Cambridge University Press. https://itdi.pro/
itdihome/advanced_courses_readings/cortazzi.pdf
Coste, D., Moore, D., & Zarate, G. (2009). Plurilingual and pluricultural
competence: With a foreword and complementary bibliography. Council
of Europe. www.coe.int/lang
Council of Europe. (2001). Common European framework of reference for
languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge University Press.
Council of Europe. (2020). Common European framework of reference for
languages: Learning, teaching, assessment- Companion Volume. Council
of Europe Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-1183-1.50003-6
Deardorff, D. K. (2009). The SAGE handbook of intercultural competence.
Duyen, H. T. P. (2019). Vietnamese teachers’ perceptions of Integrating Intercultural
Communicative Competence (ICC) into Business English Teaching.
THAITESOL Journal, 32(2), 17–31. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1245548
Fungchomchoei, S., & Kardkarnklai, U. (2016). Exploring the Intercultural
Competence of Thai Secondary Education Teachers and its implications
in English Language teaching. Procedia - Social and Behavioral
Sciences, 236(December 2015), 240–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
sbspro.2016.12.017
Hajar Abdul Rahim, & Ali Jalalian Daghigh. (2020). Locally developed versus
global textbooks: An evaluation of cultural content in textbooks used in
English language teaching in Malaysia. Asian Englishes, 22(3), 317–331.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13488678.2019.1669301
Hoff, H. E. (2020). The evolution of intercultural communicative competence:
Conceptualisations, critiques and consequences for 21st century classroom
practice. Intercultural Communication Education, 3(2), 55–74. https://doi.
org/10.29140/ice.v3n2.264
Hymes, D. (1972). On communicative competence. In J. B. Pride & J. Holmes
(Eds.), Sociolinguistics. Selected Readings (pp. 269–293). Penguin. http://
wwwhomes.uni-bielefeld.de/sgramley/Hymes-1.pdf
Isnaini, F., Setyono, B., & Ariyanto, S. (2019). A visual semiotic analysis of
multicultural values in an Indonesian English Textbook. Indonesian Journal
of Applied Linguistics, 8(3), 536–544. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v8i3
Johnson, J. (2021). Global digital population as of January 2021 (in
billions). https://www.statista.com/topics/1145/internet-usageworldwide/#
dossierSummary__chapter1
Liu, Y. (2021). On the cultivation of intercultural communicative competence in
the English viewing-listening-speaking course. Theory and Practice in
Language Studies, 11(8), 968–974. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1108.13
López-Rocha, S. (2016). Intercultural communicative competence: Creating
awareness and promoting skills in the language classroom. In C. Goria, O.
Speicher, & S. Stollhans (Eds.), Innovative Language Teaching and Learning
at University: Enhancing Participation and Collaboration (pp. 105–111).
Research-publishing.net. https://doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2016.000411
Maghsoudi, M. (2020). Intercultural communicative competence in high school
English textbooks of Iran and India: A comparative analysis. Iranian Journal
of Comparative Education, 2020(4), 874–892. https://doi.org/10.22034/
IJCE.2020.250406.1220
Matsuo, C. (2012). A critique of Michael Byram’s Intercultural Communicative
Competence Model from the perspective of model type and conceptualization
of culture. Fukuoka University Review of Literature & Humanities, 44(2),
–380. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/
Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2013). Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025.
Ministry of Education Malaysia. www.moe.gov.my
Mitchell, H. Q., & Malkogianni, M. (2019). Get Smart Plus 4. MM Publications.
Mohamad Lukman Al Hadi, & Parilah Mohd Shah. (2020). Malaysian ESL teachers’
perception towards CEFR-aligned textbooks. International Journal of
New Technology and Research, 6(10), 73–79. https://doi.org/10.31871/
IJNTR.6.10.23
Montiel, G. J. R. (2019). Intercultural Communicative Competence in a University
Language Centre in Mexico: Teachers’ and Students’ Perceptions and
Practices. Thesis.
Morska, L. (2018). Teaching intercultural communicative competence: Theoretical
background. Ars Linguodidacticae, 2, 12–18.
Nadrah Zainal Abidin, & Harwati Hashim. (2021). Common European Framework
of Reference (CEFR): A review on teachers’ perception & plurilingualism.
Creative Education, 12(4), 727–736. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2021.124051
Ngu, M. K., & Azlina Abdul Aziz. (2019). English language teachers’ perceptions
on the implementation of CEFR-aligned curriculum among primary schools
in Malaysia. Seminar Wacana Pendidikan 2019 (SWAPEN 2.0), February,
–222. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339458228
Norshaidatul Md Nawawi, Natasha Zuhaimi, Khairunisa Sabu, Nur Siti Rozaialaina
Mahamud, & Nur Afiqah Moh Nasir. (2021). CEFR for languages and its
effective implementation in secondary schools in Malaysia. Asian Journal of
Assessment in Teaching and Learning, 11(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/https://
doi.org/10.37134/ajatel.vol11.1.6.2021
North, B. (2020). The CEFR renewed: Inspiring the future of language education.
Italiano LinguaDue, 12(1), 549–560.
Nurul Farehah Mohamad Uri, & Mohd Sallehhudin Abd Aziz. (2018).
Implementation of CEFR in Malaysia: Teachers’ awareness and the
challenges. 3L: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies,
(3), 168–183. https://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2018-2403-13
Pasand, P., & Ghasemi, A. (2018). An Intercultural Analysis of English Language
Textbooks in Iran. Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies, 12(1),
–70. https://doi.org/10.17011/apples/urn.201804172107
Ponnusamy, N. K., & Gunasegaran, I. (2021). Evaluation of Year 6 KSSR English
(SK) Textbook: Teachers’ Perspectives. LSP International Journal, 8(1),
–80. https://journals.utm.my/lsp/article/view/17232/7705
Potenko, L. O. (2019). The role of formulaic competence in developing foreign
language communicative competence. International Humanitarian
University Herald. Philology, 3(42), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.32841/2409-
2019.42.3.31
Putra, T. K., Rochsantiningsih, D., & Supriyadi, S. (2020). Cultural representation
and intercultural interaction in textbooks of English as an international
language. Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 10(1), 163–184.
https://doi.org/10.23971/jefl.v10i1.1766
Rydell, M. (2018). Being ‘a competent language user’ in a world of others – Adult
migrants’ perceptions and constructions of communicative competence.
Linguistics and Education, 45, 101–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
linged.2018.04.004
Samimy, K. K., & Kobayashi, C. (2004). Toward the development of Intercultural
Communicative Competence: Theoretical and pedagogical implications
for Japanese English Teachers Keiko. Japan Association for Language
Teaching, 26(2), 245–261.
Savski, K. (2021). CEFR as Language Policy: Opportunities and challenges for
local agency in a global era. The English Teacher, 50(2), 60–70. https://doi.
org/10.52696/aide2513
Sercu, L. (2005). Teaching foreign languages in an intercultural world. In Foreign
Language Teachers and Intercultural Competence (pp. 1–18). Multilingual
Matters Ltd. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853598456
Sercu, L. (2020). Culture teaching in foreign language education. EFL teachers in
Spain as cultural mediators. Porta Linguarum Revista Interuniversitaria de
Didáctica de Las Lenguas Extranjeras, 85–102. https://doi.org/10.30827/
digibug.28351
Shak, M. S. Y., Albakri, I. S. M. A., Tahir, M. H. M., & Adam, M. H. M. (2021). The
use of imported CEFR-aligned English Language textbooks in Malaysian
schools: Issues and concerns. International Journal of Academic Research
in Business and Social Sciences, 11(9), 954–963. https://doi.org/10.6007/
ijarbss/v11-i9/10875
Song, B. (2019). Exploring the cultural content in Chinese ELT Textbooks from
Intercultural Perspectives. Journal of Asia TEFL, 16(1), 267–278. https://
doi.org/10.18823/asiatefl.2019.16.1.17.267
Thongprayoon, T., Wangphasit, L., Yamrung, R., & Langka, W. (2020). Intercultural
Communicative Language Learning Competencies of undergraduate students
in an international program in Thailand. THAITESOL Journal, 33(2), 1–19.
http://ezproxy.msu.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ1288387&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Tiurikova, I. (2021). Researching intercultural competence in language learners:
Gaps between theory and methodology. Intercultural Communication
Education, 4(2), 122–136. https://doi.org/10.29140/ice.v4n2.437
Tolosa, C., Biebricher, C., East, M., & Howard, J. (2018). Intercultural language
teaching as a catalyst for teacher inquiry. Teaching and Teacher Education,
, 227–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.11.027
Usó Juan, E., & Martínez Flor, A. (2008). Teaching intercultural communicative
competence through the four skills. Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses,
(21), 157. https://doi.org/10.14198/raei.2008.21.09
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
All right reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced without prior written permission of the copyright holder. The written permission of the copyright holder must be obtained before any parts of this publication is stored in a retrieval system of any nature.
Requests for permission to duplicate an article, review or part of this journal should be addressed to the Chief Editor, MANU, Centre for the Promotion of Knowledge and Language Learning, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Total Views: 326
| 
Total Downloads: 284
