IMPACT OF DEGLOBALIZATION ON THE PATH TO RENEWABLE ENERGY USAGE IN ASEAN COUNTRIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/manu.v35i2.5765Keywords:
Deglobalisasi, globalisasi, tenaga boleh diperbaharui, ASEAN, PMG-ARDL, Deglobalization, globalization, renewable energyAbstract
Abstrak Dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini, fenomena globalisasi sedang beralih ke arah satu proses yang dikenali sebagai deglobalisasi, iaitu proses mengurangkan kebergantungan dan integrasi antara unit-unit tertentu di seluruh dunia. Ini dapat dilihat daripada beberapa wilayah yang mempunyai rantaian bekalan tertumpu serantau, salah satunya ialah Asia Tenggara. Nampaknya, sebagai rantau yang mempunyai rantaian bekalan tertumpu serantau, Asia Tenggara juga telah mengalami trend peningkatan dalam tahap peratusan penggunaan tenaga boleh diperbaharui. Selepas melihat perkara ini, kami memutuskan untuk meneruskan penyiasatan bagaimana penyahlobalisasian mempengaruhi penggunaan tenaga boleh diperbaharui di negara ASEAN. Kajian kami mengkaji kesan tiga dimensi penyahlobalisasi, iaitu penyahlobalisasian ekonomi, sosial dan politik, terhadap penggunaan tenaga boleh diperbaharui. Kami juga memasukkan pembolehubah lain seperti populasi, pertumbuhan KDNK dan pelaburan langsung asing sebagai pembolehubah terkawal. Kajian menggunakan data panel dari negara ASEAN sepanjang 2006-2020. Dalam analisis statik menggunakan Pooled OLS (POLS) dan Model Kesan Tetap (FEM), kami mendapati bahawa penggunaan tenaga boleh diperbaharui dipengaruhi dengan ketara oleh penyahlobalisasian. Tambahan pula, penyahglobalisasian politik sentiasa memberi kesan positif terhadap penggunaan tenaga boleh diperbaharui sama ada dengan atau tanpa kesan individu dan masa. Manakala analisis dinamik yang menggunakan pendekatan Kumpulan Min Terkumpul bagi Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) menunjukkan bahawa penyahlobalisasian ekonomi dan sosial mempunyai kesan negatif ke atas penggunaan tenaga boleh diperbaharui dengan mengambil kira kesan masa. Kami juga membina beberapa implikasi dasar untuk negara ASEAN untuk mengekalkan peralihan kepada pembangunan mampan menggunakan tenaga boleh diperbaharui.
Abstract In recent years, the phenomenon of globalization is shifting towards a process known as deglobalization, which is the process of decreasing interdependence and integration between certain units around the world. This can be seen from several regions are having a regionally focused supply chain, one of them is Southeast Asia. Apparently, as a region with a regionally focused supply chain, Southeast Asia has also experienced an increasing trend in the percentage level of renewable energy consumption. After seeing this, we decided to continue investigating how deglobalization influences the renewable energy usage in ASEAN countries. Our study examines the impact of three dimensions of deglobalization, which are economic, social, and political deglobalization, on renewable energy usage. We also include other variables such as population, GDP growth, and foreign direct investment as the controlled variables. The study used panel data from ASEAN countries throughout 2006-2020. In static analysis using Pooled OLS (POLS) and Fixed Effect Model (FEM), we discovered that the consumption of renewable energy is significantly impacted by deglobalization. Furthermore, political deglobalization constantly have a positive impact on the consumption of renewable energy either with or without individual and time effect. Whereas dynamic analysis employing the Pooled Mean Group of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) approach shows that economic and social deglobalization have a negative impact on the consumption of renewable energy by considering the time effect. We also construct several policy implications for ASEAN countries in order to maintain the transition to sustainable development using renewable energy.
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